Chapter 2Literature and research related Clay is a naturally occurring material, from the ruins of stone sheds and minerals, as well as the decomposition of plant and animal carcasses. Mix together without being influenced by environmental conditions such as climate, geography and the time period in the development of different. This resulted in an extensive variety of soil covering the Earth's surface is a thin layer is restraint and growth of plants, including as a source of food, water and other creatures that live in the soil and on the Earth.Soil with agricultural issues. Soil problems in agriculture means a soil physical and chemical properties are not appropriate or suitable for cultivation. Make the plants cannot grow and yield as normal. Most are naturally occurring soil include soil salinity, soil acidic, sandy soils soil organic soil arrangement arrangement contaminated soil and gravel shallow. It also includes areas with high slope if the benefits of agriculture and then will cause impacts to the ecosystem and the environment severely. If these are used on crops, and then. Need to have managed to fix the condition of the soil, before planting by the usual way first.Degradation of the soil.Degradation of the soil, is to change the chemical properties of the soil, until the soil is reduced until it can not use the agricultural yield and permanently fixed forever. Lack of effective soil management and economic and social issues.Problems of soil resources. The majority of soil destruction, loss of fertility, or the soils due to human activities and extinction as a natural cause, we could not take advantage of the full power. Soil loss caused by1. erosion and soil erosion by water. Lots of water affected soil erosion, surface water is floating. Loss of surface area will be large areas or small grooves, it is being eroded, depending on the strength and areas of water runoff.2. deforestation Forest fires make forests, pave the ground opens and is easy to wash without water and wind when rain falls. It washes remove fertile soil to the water, the soil quality deterioration.3. การเพาะปลูกและเตรียมดินอย่างไม่ถูกวิธี การเตรียมที่ดินทำการเพาะปลูกนั้นถ้าไม่ถูกวิธีก็จะก่อความเสียหายกับดินได้มากตัวอย่างเช่น การไถพรวนขณะดินแห้งทำให้หน้าดินที่สมบูรณ์หลุดลอยไปกับลมได้ หรือการปลูกพืชบางชนิดจะทำให้ดินเสื่อมเร็ว การเผาป่าไม้ หรือตอข้าวในนา จะทำให้ฮิวมัสในดินเสื่อมสลายเกิดผลเสียกับดินมาก
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