นับตังค์

นับตังค์

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 1:

Count money

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Ruffles

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

4.1 Criterion 1. Operating life of the structureIn Gaudí’s time it was habitual to use big stone orbrick masonry load-bearing walls in all the buildings(rating 0).Figure 5. La Pedrera’s main beams and pillars structure.Source: C. Salas.The operating life of these structures was very limited, since the frequent appearance of cracks or deviations of the axis —and the serious reduction of thesafety and operating conditions that it entails— couldbe considered as the end of the building’s operatinglife.However, Gaudí uses an innovative metal structure in La Pedrera made of main beams and pillars,whose operating life is higher than 50 years, lining itafterwards with an extraordinary stone masonry façade, as a kind of enclosure (rating 5).4.2 Criterion 2. Reuse and recycling of buildingmaterialsIn Gaudí’s time, not using any kind of reused or recycled materials in the construction of buildings of acertain import was common practice, although itcould occur for certain popular constructions (rating0).Figure 6. La Pedrera’s façade balconies.Source: C. Salas.However, the brick masonry pillars of La Pedrerawere built reusing bricks from the demolition of anexisting villa —the Ferrer-Vidal house— (Bassegoda1989), and the railings of the façade balconies aremade with sheets, chains, wire nets, profiles, screwsand other scrap elements (rating 5) that Gaudí selected and recycled for his work (Giordano andPalmisano 2011).4.3 Criterion 3. Non-renewable energy in thetransport of building materialsUsing local materials is the main measure to reducenon-renewable energy consumption in transport (Macías et al. 2015).In Gaudí’s time, long-distance transport of buildingmaterials required using the railway, but shorter tripscould be made by ox-drawn wagons in journeys ofabout 30 km per day. It was therefore common practice to use materials located less than 30 km away,that is, one day away (rating 0).In La Pedrera, the heaviest material, which wasdestined to the stone masonry façade, was mainlybrought from el Garraf, about 30 km away (Bassegoda 1989).La Pedrera does therefore not improve the common practices of the architecture of the time in thisaspect (rating 0).