The capacitated VRP (CVRP) is a problem in which all customer demand must be<br>satisfied, all demands are known, and all vehicles have identical capacity and are<br>based at a central depot. The objective of CVRP is to minimize total transportation<br>cost or time [26]. The VRPTW is an extension of CVRP with a time constraint for<br>reaching each customer. The service can be performed only within a specified time<br>interval. A vehicle is permitted to arrive before the opening of the time window, but<br>must wait, at no cost, until service becomes possible. Arrival after the latest time<br>window is not permitted [3].
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