s 2.1 and 2.4 above that Sudan expe

s 2.1 and 2.4 above that Sudan experienced disparate
growth-poverty patterns of association over the period since the early 1970s:
(i) Fast growth during the 1970s was associated with a slight increase in poverty.
(ii) Negative growth over the period from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s was
associated with a significant increase in poverty.
(iii) Very fast growth during the 1990s appears to have been associated with a
moderate increase in poverty. Thus it is curious to note that both negative growth
and very fast growth were associated with increased poverty.
The interesting question from a policy standpoint is: why did growth of the Sudanese
economy associate with increased poverty? We shall attempt to answer this question: was
economic growth in Sudan, especially in the post-1992 period, pro-poor or pro-rich or neutral?
But before doing that we first define the concept of pro-poor growth.
It may be said that growth is pro-poor “when it is labour-absorbing and accompanied by
policies and programmes that mitigate inequalities and facilitate income and employment
generation for the poor, particularly women and other traditionally excluded groups.”29 As
demonstrated in the World Bank WDR 1990, the pattern of growth for poverty matters. To
ensure poverty reduction through growth, policies should be adopted to provide
opportunities to the poor and enable them to participate in growth:
(i) economy-wide and sectoral policies should encourage rural development and
urban employment;
(ii) specific measures are needed to increase the access of the poor to land, credit,
public infrastructure and services;
(iii) in resource-poor areas, poverty and environmental degradation are interrelated,
which calls for public investment and government subsidies to meet basic needs,
maintain or increase yields and preserve natural resources

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

s 2.1 and 2.4 above that Sudan experienced disparate
growth-Poverty Patterns of association over the period since the Early 1970s:
(I) Fast growth during the 1970s was associated with a slight increase in Poverty.
(II) Negative growth over the period from the. Early-Mid 1980s to the 1990s was
associated with a significant increase in Poverty.
(III) Very fast growth during the 1990s appears to have been associated with a
moderate increase in Poverty. Thus it is curious to note that both negative growth
and very fast growth were associated with Increased Poverty.
The Policy Interesting question from a standpoint, is: why did the growth of Sudanese
Economy Associate with Increased Poverty? We Shall attempt to answer this question: was
Economic growth in Sudan, especially in the Post-in 1992 period, Pro-poor or Pro-rich or Neutral?
But before doing that we First define the Concept of Pro-poor growth.
It May be. said that growth is Pro-poor "when it is Labour-absorbing and accompanied by
policies and programs that mitigate inequalities and Facilitate income and Employment
Generation for the poor, particularly Women and Other traditionally excluded groups." 29 As
demonstrated in the World Bank WDR. 1990, the pattern of growth for poverty matters. To
ensure Poverty Reduction Through growth, policies should be adopted to provide
opportunities to the poor and Enable them to participate in growth:
(I) Economy-Wide and sectoral policies should encourage rural Development and
Urban Employment;
(II) specific measures are Needed to. increase the Access of the poor to Land, Credit,
Public Infrastructure and Services;
(III) in Resource-poor areas, Poverty and Environmental degradation are interrelated,
which calls for Public Investment and Government subsidies to Meet Basic Needs,
Maintain or increase yields and. preserve natural resources