1. Introduction[2] The concept of c

1. Introduction

[2] The concept of climate change Hot-Spot can be approached from the viewpoint of vulnerability or from that of climate response. In the former case a Hot-Spot can be defined as a region for which potential climate change impacts on the environment or different activity sectors can be particularly pronounced. In the latter case, a Hot-Spot can be defined as a region whose climate is especially responsive to global change. In particular, the characterization of climate response-based Hot-Spots can provide key information to identify and investigate primary processes of regional climate change. From these premises, here the response approach is adopted to investigate climate change Hot-Spots based on results from a multi-model ensemble of climate change simulations performed by modeling groups from around the world as contributions to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (see the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, or PCMDI, http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov).

[3] A Regional Climate Change Index (RCCI) is defined based on four variables: change in regional mean surface air temperature relative to the global average temperature change (or Regional Warming Amplification Factor, RWAF), change in mean regional precipitation (ΔP, % of present day value), change in regional surface air temperature interannual variability (ΔσT, % of present day value), change in regional precipitation interannual variability (ΔσP, % of present day value). In the definition of the RCCI it is important to include quantities other than the mean change because often mean changes are not the only important factors for determining impacts [e.g., Mearns et al., 2001]. We thus also include interannual variability, which is critical for many activity sectors, such as agriculture or water management. The RCCI is calculated for the above mentioned set of global climate change simulations and is intercompared across regions to identify climate change Hot-Spots, that is regions with the largest values of RCCI.

[4] It is important to stress that, as will be seen, the RCCI is a comparative index, that is a small RCCI value does not imply a small absolute change, but only a small climate response compared to other regions.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

1. Introduction [2] The Concept of Climate Change Hot-Spot Can be approached from the Viewpoint of or from that of Climate Vulnerability response. In the former case a Hot-Spot can be defined as a region for which potential climate change impacts on the environment or different activity sectors can be particularly pronounced. In the latter case, a Hot-Spot can be defined as a region whose climate is especially responsive to global change. In particular, the characterization of climate response-based Hot-Spots can provide key information to identify and investigate primary processes of regional climate change. From these premises, here the response approach is adopted to investigate climate change Hot-Spots based on results from a multi-model ensemble of climate change simulations performed by modeling groups from around the world as contributions to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on. Climate Change (IPCC) (the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and See intercomparison, or PCMDI, Http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov). [3] A Regional Climate Change Index (RCCI) is defined based on Four variables:. change in regional mean surface air temperature relative to the global average temperature change (or Regional Warming Amplification Factor, RWAF), change in mean regional precipitation (ΔP,% of present day value), change in regional surface air temperature interannual variability (ΔσT,. % of present day value), change in regional precipitation interannual variability (ΔσP,% of present day value). In the definition of the RCCI it is important to include quantities other than the mean change because often mean changes are not the only important factors for determining impacts [eg, Mearns et al., 2001]. We thus also include interannual variability, which is critical for many activity sectors, such as agriculture or water management. The RCCI is calculated for the above mentioned SET of Global Climate Change simulations and is Intercompared Across Regions to Identify Climate Change Hot-Spots, that is Regions with the largest values ​​of RCCI. [4] It is important to Stress that, as Will be. seen, the RCCI is a comparative index, that is a small RCCI value does not imply a small absolute change, but only a small climate response compared to other regions.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

1. Introduction.[] The 2 concept of climate change Hot-Spot can be approached from the viewpoint of vulnerability or from that of climate. Response. In the former case a Hot-Spot can be defined as a region for which potential climate change impacts on the environment. Or different activity sectors can be particularly pronounced. In the latter case a Hot-Spot, can be defined as a region. Whose climate is especially responsive to global change. In particular the characterization, of climate response-based Hot-Spots. Can provide key information to identify and investigate primary processes of regional climate change. From, these premises. Here the response approach is adopted to investigate climate change Hot-Spots based on results from a multi-model ensemble. Of climate change simulations performed by modeling groups from around the world as contributions to the Fourth Assessment. Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (see the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis, and Intercomparison. Or, PCMDI http: / / www-pcmdi.llnl.gov).[] A 3 Regional Climate Change Index (RCCI) is defined based on four variables: change in regional mean surface air temperature. Relative to the global average temperature change (or Regional Warming, Amplification Factor RWAF), change in mean regional. Precipitation (Δ P,% of present day value), change in regional surface air temperature interannual variability (Δ σ T,% of. Present day value), change in regional precipitation interannual variability (Δ σ P,% of present day value). In the definition. Of the RCCI it is important to include quantities other than the mean change because often mean changes are not the only. Important factors for determining impacts [e.g, Mearns et al, 2001]. We thus also include, interannual variability which. Is critical for many activity sectors such as, agriculture or water management. The RCCI is calculated for the above mentioned. Set of global climate change simulations and is intercompared across regions to identify climate, change Hot-Spots that. Is regions with the largest values of RCCI.[] It 4 is important to stress that as will, be seen the RCCI, is a comparative index that is, a small RCCI value does not. Imply a small, absolute change but only a small climate response compared to other regions.