The intensity and duration of conid

The intensity and duration of conidial
discharge and the survival of conidia depends on temperature
and relative humidity (Mullens and Rodriguez, 1985; Krasnoff
et al., 1995; Six and Mullens, 1996; Madeira, 1998; Kalsbeek
et al., 2001a). Natural epizootics are common in the fall months
in temperate regions, with infection rates commonly exceeding
50% (Mullens et al., 1987b; Watson and Petersen, 1993;
Steinkraus et al., 1993; Six and Mullens, 1996). Although E.
muscae is an important natural regulator of fly populations it
remains unclear whether this pathogen can be manipulated
as a biopesticide. Mass-rearing methods have been developed
to produce large numbers of infected flies , and field releases
of E. muscae and E. schizophorae have resulted in increased
disease prevalence (Kramer and Steinkraus, 1987; Steinkraus
et al., 1993; Geden et al., 1993; Six and Mullens, 1996). The
impact of releases on fly control may be dampened by the
need for high fly populations to sustain epizootics (Geden et
al., 1993) and by the ability of the flies to mitigate the effects
of infection by resting in warm areas to raise their body
temperature (behavioral fever) (Kalsbeek et al., 2001b; Watson

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Intensity and the DURATION of Conidial
Discharge and the Survival of conidia depends on Temperature
and Relative humidity (Mullens and Rodriguez, 1,985; Krasnoff
et al., In 1995; and Six Mullens, the 1996th; Madeira, 1998; Kalsbeek
et al., 2001a). Natural Epizootics are common in the Fall months
in Temperate Regions, with infection commonly Rates exceeding
50% (Mullens et al., 1987b; Watson and Petersen, the 1993rd;
Steinkraus et al., In 1993; and Six Mullens, 1996). Although E.
Muscae is an important regulator of Natural Fly populations
remains unclear whether this pathogen Can be manipulated
as a biopesticide. Mass-rearing methods have been developed
to Produce Large Numbers of infected flies, and Field releases
of Muscae E. and E. Schizophorae have resulted in Increased
disease prevalence (Kramer and Steinkraus, 1,987; Steinkraus
et al., The 1993rd; Geden et al. , 1993; Six and Mullens, 1996). The
Impact of releases on Fly Control May be dampened by the
Need for High Fly populations to Sustain Epizootics (Geden et
al., 1993) and by the ability of the flies to mitigate the effects
of infection by resting in Warm areas to Raise their Body.
temperature (behavioral fever) (Kalsbeek et al., 2001b; Watson.