Regrettably, preparing specifications for tests or items is all too often ignored in test-item construction. One carefully done study of eleven widely used, criterion-referenced tests — all produced by commercial test publishers — revealed than none of the tests ' developers used specifications when preparing the tests ' items (Hambleton &, 1978). This is a sad commentary on the lack of care taken by many, developers. One hopes as proper information, this omission will decrease for future testproduction efforts. Two later sections of this chapter describe strategies for writing test specifications and item specifications. ...
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