Two molecular identification techni

Two molecular identification techniques for differentiating six lepidopteran pests infesting apples in Korea
are presented. These six species include two internal fruit feeders (Grapholita molesta and Carposina sasakii),
two leaf rollers (Adoxophyes sp. and Archips breviplicanus) and two leaf miners (Phyllonorycter ringoniella and
Lyonetia prunifoliella). All species occur until near harvest and reduce apple production. A 489 bp fragment of
mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced in these six species. The sequence was
used to select species-specific restriction enzyme sites and to design diagnostic polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) primers, resulting in the development of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR and
diagnostic PCR. These methods were reliable and rapid in the identification of these six species