Conditional sentences หรือที่หลายคน

Conditional sentences หรือที่หลายคนรู้จักในนาม if-clause คือ ประโยคเงื่อนไข ประกอบด้วยอนุประโยค (ประโยคย่อย) สองประโยค ประโยคหนึ่งขึ้นต้นด้วยคำว่า If กับอีกประโยคหนึ่งมีหน้าตาเหมือนประโยคสมบูรณ์ทั่วไป สังเกตว่า อนุประโยคสองประโยคนี้สลับที่กันได้ จะยกประโยคไหนขึ้นต้นก็ได้ แล้วแต่การเน้นและความหมาย

1. ZERO Conditional Sentences

Zero conditional sentences ใช้สำหรับพูดถึงความจริงทั่วไป โดยใช้ present simple ในอนุประโยคทั้งสองประโยค

If + present simple, .... present simple. (คนไทยมักจะเขียนว่า If + subject + V1, subject + V1)

ประโยคแบบ zero conditional sentences ใช้พูดถึงกรณีที่ถ้าเกิดสิ่งหนึ่ง ต้องเกิดอีกสิ่งหนึ่งเสมอ เช่น If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. เมื่ออุณหภูมิน้ำสูงเท่ากับ 100 องศาเซลเซียส น้ำจะเดือดเสมอ หรือ If I eat peanuts, I am sick. ถ้าฉันกินถั่วลิสงฉันจะแพ้ ซึ่งประโยคลักษณะนี้ เราจะใช้คำว่า when (เมื่อ) แทน if ก็ได้

ตัวอย่างเพิ่มเติม
If people eat too much, they get fat. ถ้ากินมากจะอ้วน
If you touch a fire, you get burned. ถ้าแตะไฟก็จะโดนลวก
People die if they don't eat. คนเราจะตายถ้าไม่กินอาหาร
You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen. ถ้ารวมไฮโดรเจนกับอ๊อกซิเจนจะได้น้ำ
Snakes bite if they are scared. งูจะกัดเวลารู้สึกกลัว
If babies are hungry, they cry. ทารกจะร้องไห้ถ้ารู้สึกหิว
Zero conditional sentences จะใช้พูดถึงเรื่องจริงทั่วๆไป แต่ conditional sentences แบบต่อไปจะพูดถึงเหตุการณ์เฉพาะค่ะ

2. FIRST Conditional Sentences

First conditional sentences ใช้สำหรับพูดว่าถ้าสิ่งหนึ่งเกิดขึ้น อีกสิ่งหนึ่งจะเกิดขึ้นหรืออาจจะเกิดขึ้น โดยใช้ If + present simple แล้วตามด้วย future simple

if + present simple, ... will + infinitive (คนไทยมักจะเขียนว่า If + subject + V1, subject + will/be going to + V1)

ใช้พูดถึงเหตุการณ์เฉพาะซึ่งอาจเป็นไปได้ หรือผู้พูดคิดว่าจะเกิดขึ้น เช่น

If it rains, I won't go to the park. ถ้าฝนตก ฉันจะไม่ไปสวนสาธารณะ
If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight. ถ้าวันนี้ฉันอ่านหนังสือ คืนนี้จะไปปาร์ตี้
If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes. ถ้ามีเงินพอ ฉันจะซื้อรองเท้าใหม่
She'll be late if the train is delayed. เธอจะไปสายถ้ารถไฟมาช้า
She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon. เธอจะไม่ทันรถเมล์ถ้าไม่ออกจากบ้านตอนนี้
If I see her, I'll tell her. ถ้าพบเขาฉันจะบอกเขา
Zero conditional กับ first conditional ต่างกันตรงที่ใช้กับสถานการณ์คนละประเภทดังได้กล่าวไปแล้ว ดูตัวอย่างชัดๆอีกทีนะคะ

Zero conditional: If you sit in the sun, you get burned. (ใครก็ตามที่) นั่งตากแดดจะผิวไหม้
First conditional: If you sit in the sun, you'll get burned. ถ้าเธอนั่งตากแดดผิวเธอจะไหม้นะ

3. SECOND Conditional Sentences

First conditional ใช้พูดถึงสิ่งที่ผู้พูดคาดคะเนว่าจะเกิดขึ้น แต่ Second conditional จะใช้พูดถึงสิ่งที่ผู้พูดคิดว่าไม่น่าจะเกิดขึ้น เช่น

First conditional: If she studies harder, she'll pass the exam. ถ้าเธอตั้งใจเรียนมากขึ้นเธอจะสอบผ่าน (คิดว่าเป็นไปได้)

Second conditional: If she studied harder, she would pass the exam. ถ้าเธอตั้งใจเรียนมากขึ้นเธอคงสอบผ่าน (แต่ผู้พูดไม่คิดว่าจะเป็นไปได้ คือ คิดว่าเธอคงไม่ตั้งใจมากขึ้น และเธอคงสอบไม่ผ่าน)

ประโยคแบบ second conditional นี้ใช้ If + past simple คู่กับ would + infinitive ค่ะ

if + past simple, ...would + infinitive

(สังเกตว่าอนุประโยคที่ต่อหลัง if ถ้าคำกิริยาเป็น verb to be จะใช้ were ได้กับประธานทุกตัว เช่น If I were you… ถ้าฉันเป็นเธอ… แต่จะใช้ was ตรงตามประธานก็ได้ค่ะ)

วิธีใช้
- ใช้พูดถึงความใฝ่ฝันว่าอยากให้เกิดขึ้นในอนาคตแต่อาจไม่เกิดขึ้นก็ได้ เช่น
If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. ถ้าถูกล็อตเตอรี่จะซื้อบ้านหลังใหญ่ (ซึ่งคิดว่าคงไม่ถูกล็อตเตอรี่หรอก)
If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello. ถ้าได้พบราชีนีอังกฤษฉันจะกล่าวสวัสดี
She would travel all over the world if she were rich. เขาจะเที่ยวรอบโลกถ้ามีเงินมากๆ
She would pass the exam if she ever studied. เธอคงจะสอบผ่านหรอกถ้าเธอได้เคยอ่านหนังสือบ้าง (ซึ่งจริงๆไม้อ่านเลย)

- ใช้พูดถึงเหตการณ์ในปัจจุบันที่เป็นไปไม่ได้เลย ไม่จริงเลย เช่น

If I had his number, I would call him. ถ้ามีเบอร์เขาฉันจะโทรหาเขา (แต่จริงๆฉันไม่มีเบอร์เขา)
If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man. ถ้าฉันเป็นเธอฉันจะไม่ไปเที่ยวกับเขา

ประโยค second conditional ต่างกับ first conditional ตรงที่แบบนี้มีความเป็นไปได้น้อยมาก เช่น

Second conditional: If I had enough money I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool. ถ้ามีเงินพอฉันจะซื้อบ้านที่มีห้องยี่สิบห้องกับสระว่ายน้ำ (ซึ่งคงเป็นไปไม่ได้อยู่แล้ว เป็นแค่ฝัน)

First conditional: If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes. ถ้ามีเงินพอฉันจะซื้อรองเท้าใหม่ (มีความเป็นไปได้มากกว่ามาก)

4. THIRD Conditional Sentences

ประโยค conditional แบบสุดท้ายใช้ If + past perfect (subject + had + V3) คู่กับ would have + V3 ค่ะ

if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle

ประโยคแบบนี้ใช้พูดเกี่ยวกับอดีตที่ไม่ได้เกิดขึ้นจริง ว่าถ้าเกิดขึ้นแล้วจะเป็นอย่างไร

If she had studied, she would have passed the exam. ถ้าเขาอ่านหนังสือ เขาคงสอบผ่านไปแล้ว (ซึ่งจริงๆผู้พูดรู้ว่าไม่ได้อ่านและสอบตก)
If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick. ถ้ากินไม่มากฉันคงไม่ป่วย (แต่จริงๆฉันกินเยอะ จึงป่วย)
If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane. ถ้าเราขึ้นแท็กซี่มาเราคงไม่ตกเครื่องบิน
She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier. เธอจะไม่เพลียถ้าเข้านอนเร็วกว่านี้
She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university. เธอคงจะเป็นครูถ้าเธอเข้าเรียนในมหาวิทยาลัย
He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine. เขาคงมาสัมภาษณ์ทันเวลาถ้าออกจากบ้านตอนเก้าโมง

5. MIXED Conditional Sentences

นอกจากนั้นยังมีการนำ conditional sentences สองแบบมาผสมกันอีกด้วยค่ะ โดยมากใช้เวลาพูดถึงสิ่งที่ไม่เป็นความจริงในอดีตที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับปัจจุบัน เช่น

She would be a rich widow now if she’d married him. เธอคงจะได้เป็นแม่หม้ายเศรษฐีไปแล้วถ้าเธอแต่งงานกับเขา (ตอนนั้นไม่แต่งกับเขา ตอนนี้เลยไม่ได้เป็นแม่หม้ายเศรษฐี)
If I’d studied law, I’d be an attorney now. ถ้าตอนนั้นเรียนนิติตอนนี้ฉันก็คงจะเป็นทนายความแล้ว
ถ้าอ่านมาถึงตรงนี้ได้ก็เรียกว่าเก่งมาก ^^ งงตรงไหนถาม หรือลองแต่งประโยคส่งมานะคะ

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 1:

Conditional sentences, or that many people known as the if-clause, is the sentence terms include a clause (clause) in the second sentence. A sentence beginning with the Word If one sentence with a sentence in General. Notice that the second clause of this sentence are a switch somewhere in the sentence beginning, it has, but the emphasis and meaning. 1. ZERO Conditional Sentences Zero conditional sentences is used for talking about a general truth based on the present simple in both clause sentence. If + present simple, present simple ....: (Thai people often write as If + subject + subject + V1, V1) The zero conditional sentence sentences used to talk about the case, if there is one thing to another thing, always occurs If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils water with high temperature to 100° c. The boiling water will always eat peanuts or I If I am sick, if I eat a peanut, I'm going to lose this kind of sentence, which we will use the term when it if (when) instead. Additional samplesIf people eat too much, they get fat very fat eating if the.If you touch a fire, you get burned if they touch the fire raiser.People die if they don't eat people. we will die if you don't eat the food.You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen combined with hydrogen, if oxygen to water.Snakes bite if they are scared of snake bites are frightening times.If babies are hungry, they cry baby cry, feeling hungry is the thing.Zero conditional sentences will be talking about the real story in General, but conditional sentences to be talking about a specific event. 2. FIRST Conditional Sentences First conditional sentences is used to say that if one thing happens. Another thing is happening or may happen using simple present If + simple future, followed by. If + present simple, ... will + infinitive (Thai people often write as If + subject + V1, will be going to subject +/+ V1) Use the specific events which may be talking about possible speakers would think would happen. If it rains, I won't go to the park if it rains, I will not go to the Park.If I study today, I go to the party tonight, if I read a book today. This will return to the party.If I have enough money, I buy some new shoes if there is enough money. I'm going to buy new shoes.She be late if the train is delayed, she will train to the late Prof. came slowly.She miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon. She will not keep the bus if it's not out of the House now.If I see her, I tell her I told him if he is found.Zero conditional on the first conditional are different in that the category is a different situation to have to say. See, for example, crystal clear again!? Zero conditional: If you sit in the sun, you get burned: (whoever that is) sitting Sun will burn skin.First conditional: If you sit in the sun, you get burned if she burns her skin Sun ride! 3. SECOND Conditional Sentences First conditional use to mention what they say the prognosis that would happen, but the Second conditional is used to talk about what the speaker thinks that is unlikely to happen. First conditional: If she studies harder, she pass the student exam is intended more for her if she will pass (I think is possible.) Second conditional: If she studied harder, she would pass the student exam is intended more for her if she would pass (but she doesn't think that will be possible is, I think she probably meant no more and she probably does not pass) The second sentence is conditional If + past simple + infinitive would accompany. if + past simple, ...would + infinitive (Note that the clause that follows after the verb to verb if it were to be used, for example, If I were President, you all ... If I were her ... but it will take a President was met.) How to use the-Use talking about ambition that I want to happen in the future, but may not occur, such as.If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house if it was lottoeri to buy a large house (which I think would not be exactly lottoeri)If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello if she were, I said hello to the British Embassy.She would travel all over the world if she were rich, he would tour around the world. If there is a large amount.She would pass the exam if she ever would she studied examination about if she has ever read the book "(which really stick read.) -Used to mention the current risk takan impossible Not true at all. If I had his number, I would phone him there, his call if I'm going to call him (but really I don't have his number)If I were you, I wouldn't go out with her, if I were that man. I won't go out with him. Unlike conditional second sentence first conditional in that it contains very little possibility. Second conditional: If I had enough money I would buy a house with a swimming pool and twenty bedrooms. If there is enough money, I would buy a House with 20 rooms with swimming pool (which is probably impossible and is just a dream) First conditional: If I have enough money, I buy some new shoes I have enough money if I buy new shoes (there is going to be a lot more) 4. THIRD Conditional Sentences If a conditional sentence use the past perfect + final (subject + had + V3) would have had with V3 +. if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle This sentence is used to talk about the past, that didn't happen. What if it happens, will be the coverage groups (ReqGroup) form. If she had studied, she would have passed the exam if he read the book. He passed exams (which really didn't know the speakers read and examination)If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt so sick he could not eat if I was not sick (but really, I was so sick)If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane. If we fall, we wouldn't come to a taxi or airplane.She wouldn't have been if she had gone to bed tired earlier she wouldn't go to bed this very fatigued faster.She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university. She would be a teacher if she enrolled in the University.He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine. He came to the interview on time if it is out of the House at nine o'clock. 5. MIXED Conditional Sentences It also has two conditional sentences come with most combinations, I spend time talking about things that are not true in the past that have a relationship with the present. She would be a rich widow now if she'd married him. She would have been a millionaire, then mai if she marry him (it is not up to him. Now it is no longer a millionaire widow)If I'd studied law, I'd be an attorney now. If the rule of law school now I would become a lawyer.If you read this, it is very good food at the hotel was called the ^^ where to ask or try to make up a sentence delivered to persist?

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

.Conditional sentences or people known as if-clause is a conditional sentence of Clause (ประโยคย่อย) two sentences. A sentence begins with the word If with another one looks like a complete sentence in general, noticed thatTo lift the sentence which begins. But the emphasis and meaning
.
1. ZERO Conditional Sentences

Zero conditional sentences used for talking about the truth in general, using present simple in both clauses sentence
.
If present simple... Present simple. (people says, If subject V1 subject V1)

.Syntactic zero conditional sentences used to describe cases if one thing. There must be another thing always, such as If water reaches, 100 degrees. It boils. When the water temperature as high as 100 C water boils or always If I, eat peanuts I am sick.If I eat peanuts, I lose, which sentence this way. We will use the term when (when) instead of if.


If people eat more samples. Too much they get, fat. If you eat too much fat
If you touch will a fire you get, burned. If touch the fire will burn
People die if they don t. ' Eat.People will die if you don't eat
You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen. If combine hydrogen with oxygen to water
Snakes bite if. They are scared. Snakes are limited time to feel fear
If babies, are hungry they cry. Baby will cry if you feel hungry
.Zero conditional sentences are talking about real general. But conditional sentences continue to talk about a specific event, 2

. FIRST Conditional Sentences

.First conditional sentences used for saying that if one thing happened. One more thing will happen, or may be formed by If present simple followed by future simple

if present simple,... Will. Infinitive (people says, If subject V1 subject will / be going to V1)

.Used to describe specific events which may possible. Or the speaker think will occur, such as

If, it rains I won 't go to the park. If it rains, I will not go to the park. If I, study today I LL.' Go to the party tonight. If today I read a book tonight to Party
If I have, enough moneyI 'll buy some new shoes. If I have enough money, I would buy a new pair of shoes She
' ll be late if the train is delayed. She'll be late if the train is late
She LL. ' Miss the bus if she doesn 't leave soon. You'll miss the bus if you don't leave now
If I, see her I' ll tell her. If you see him, I will tell him!Zero conditional with first conditional different in use with different types of situation, as already mentioned, see it again
.
Zero conditional: If you sit in, the sun you get burned. (whoever) sitting in the sun to sunburn
First conditional: If you sit. In, the sun you 'll get burned.If you sit in the sun, your skin will burn

3. SECOND Conditional Sentences

First conditional use talking about what the speaker supposed to happen. But Second conditional is used to talk about what the speaker think likely to happen, such as

First conditional: If she, studies harder she ll. ' Pass the exam.If you study hard, you will pass the exam)

Second conditional: If she studied harder she would, pass the. Exam.If you study hard you will pass the exam. But the Don could be possible. Think she didn't mean, and she would pass more)

sentences a second conditional this use. If past simple coupled with would infinitive

if past simple,... Would infinitive

.(notice that the clause that after if if a verb is verb to be will use were with the president, all of the If I were you... If I were you... But the was meets chairman.)


. Help- talking about the dream that want to happen in the future but may not happen, such as
If I won, the lottery I would buy a big, house. If the lottery to buy a big house. (that may not be a lottery ticket.)
If I met the Queen, of England I would say hello.If you see the queen England I said hello
She would travel all over the world if she were rich. He will travel around the world if there is a lot of money
She. Would pass the exam if she ever studied. She must pass it if you have read some (which really wood read)

.- use talking about the incident at present is impossible. That's not true, such as

If I had, his number I would call him. If his number and I'll call him. (but I don't have his number)
If I, were you I wouldn 't go out with that man. If I were you, I wouldn't go out with him

.The sentence second conditional different first conditional where there is very little possibility, such as

Second conditional: If I. Had enough money I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool.If I have enough money I will buy a house with a twenty chambers with a swimming pool. (which would be impossible. Just a dream)

First conditional: If I have, enough money I 'll buy some new shoes. If I have enough money I will buy a new shoes (there is a possibility much more)

4.THIRD Conditional Sentences

sentences conditional a last used If past perfect (subject had V3) coupled with would have. V3

if past perfect,... Would have past participle

the sentence this say about the past does not actually occur. If happened to do

.If she had studied she would, have passed the exam. If he read, he will pass away. (which really speakers know not read and failed)
If I hadn 't eaten, so much I wouldn' t have felt sick. If don't eat a lot I doesn't get sick. (but I ate a lot, so sick)
If we had taken, a taxiWe wouldn 't have missed the plane. If we take a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane. She wouldn' t have been tired if she had gone. To bed earlier. You will not tired if you go to bed earlier
She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university. She would be attending classes at the university teacher if you
.He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine. He would interview in time if left home at nine
.
5. MIXED Conditional Sentences

.Moreover, the conditional sentences two mixed with it. By talking about what is not true in the past time related to the present, such as

She would be a rich widow now if she d. ' Married him.You must be a widow, a millionaire if you marry him (then don't marry him. Now เลยไม่ได้ divorced millionaire)
If I D studied. ' Law I ', d be an attorney now. If I was in law school, now I would be a lawyer and
.If you read here is called good

confused where to ask, or try the sentences sent.