Research articleAnthraquinonyl glyc

Research article
Anthraquinonyl glycoside facilitates the standardization of graphene electrodes for the impedance detection of lectins
Bi-Wen Zhu, Liang Cai, Xiao-Peng He*, Guo-Rong Chen and Yi-Tao Long*

* Corresponding authors: Xiao-Peng He [e-mail] - Yi-Tao Long [e-mail]

Author Affiliations
Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, PR China

For all author emails, please log on.

Chemistry Central Journal 2014, 8:67 doi:10.1186/s13065-014-0067-y

The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://journal.chemistrycentral.com/content/8/1/67


Received: 9 July 2014
Accepted: 30 October 2014
Published: 25 November 2014
© 2014 Zhu et al.; licensee Springer.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Abstract
Background
Construction of electrochemical impedance sensors by the self-assembly technique has become a promising strategy for the ‘label-free’ detection of protein-ligand interactions. However, previous impedance sensors are devoid of an inherent electrochemical signal, which limits the standardization of the sensors for protein recognition in a reproducible manner.

Results
We designed and synthesized an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) where the anthraquinone (AQ) moiety can bind to the surface of a graphene-based working electrode while the glycoside serving as a ligand for lectin. By measuring the inherent voltammetric signal of AQ, the glycosides decorated on the working electrode could be simply quantified to obtain electrodes with a unified signal window. Subsequently, impedance analysis showed that the ‘standardized’ electrodes gave a reproducible electrochemical response to a selective lectin with no signal variation in the presence of unselective proteins.

Conclusion
Anthraquinone-modified ligands could be used to facilitate the standardization of electrochemical impedance sensors for the reproducible, selective analysis of ligand-protein interactions.

Keywords: Anthraquinone; Graphene; Glycoside; Lectin; Electrochemistry; EIS; Standardization
Background
Sugars distributed on the surface of mammalian cells are key informational molecules for cell-cell recognition and adhesion through the interaction with lectins (sugar recognition proteins). Unquestionably the ability to probe sugar-lectin recognitions may boost the advancement of the glycomics. However, conventional approaches for analysis of these interactions mainly rely on immunofluorescence techniques, which are time-consuming and expensive. As a result, a number of ‘label-free’ methods for the quick and economic detection of lectins have been developed [1]-[5].

Among the various methods introduced, electrochemistry, because of its ease in manipulation and good sensitivity, has been widely employed for lectin analyses [3],[5],[6]. In addition, electrochemical techniques generally do not require heavy facilities for signal output. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can sensitively interpret the resistive ability of an interfacial species, which has been broadly applied in the study of corrosion science as well as development of label-free sensors. EIS sensors for lectins, based on the gold-alkenethiol self-assembly technique, have provided promising means for the concise, label-free detection of lectins and live cells that express a glyco-receptor [7]-[15].

Nevertheless, while the use of gold as working electrode may increase the detection cost, the standardization of electrodes remains difficult due to the lack of an inherent signal ‘reporter’. To address these issues, we report here the design and synthesis of an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) in which the anthraquinone moiety can simultaneously serve as a ‘binder’ for a graphene-based electrode and a reporter that produces an electrochemical signal to standardize the sensor fabrication. By using voltammetry, the AGs decorated on the graphene-based electrodes can be easily quantified, thereby facilitating the standardization of the electrodes to produce a unified signal window for lectin detection. Subsequently, EIS analyses showed that the standardized electrodes gave a highly reproducible electrochemical response to a selective lectin, suggesting the promise of using anthraquinone-modified glyco-ligands for the impedance detection of lectins.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Research Article
Anthraquinonyl glycoside facilitates The Standardization of graphene electrodes for The Impedance Detection of lectins
Bi-Wen Zhu, Liang Cai, Xiao-Peng He *, Guo-Rong Chen and Yi-Tao Long * * Corresponding authors: Xiao-Peng He Xphe @. Ecust.edu.cn - Yi-Tao Long [e-mail] Author Affiliations Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd, Shanghai 200237, PR China For all author. Emails, please log on. Chemistry Central Journal 2014, 8:67 Doi: 10.1186 / S13065-014-0067-Y The Electronic Version of this Article is The Complete One and Can be Found online at: http: //journal.chemistrycentral. com / content / 8/1/67 Received: 9 July 2014 Accepted: 30 October 2 014 Published: 25 November 2014 © 2014th Zhu et AL .; Licensee Springer. This is an Open Access Article Distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License The terms of The (Http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which Unrestricted Use Permits, Distribution, and Reproduction in any Medium, Provided The. original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication Waiver (Http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) Applies to The Data Made Available in this Article, unless otherwise stated. Formula display: Abstract Background Construction of Electrochemical Impedance Sensors by The Self. -assembly technique has become a promising strategy for the 'label-free' detection of protein-ligand interactions. However, Previous Impedance Sensors are devoid of an inherent Electrochemical Signal, which limits The Standardization of The Sensors for protein Recognition in a reproducible Manner. Results We Designed and synthesized an Anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) Where The anthraquinone (AQ) moiety Can Bind to The. surface of a graphene-based working electrode while the glycoside serving as a ligand for lectin. By measuring the inherent voltammetric signal of AQ, the glycosides decorated on the working electrode could be simply quantified to obtain electrodes with a unified signal window. Subsequently, Impedance analysis showed that The 'standardized' electrodes Gave a reproducible Electrochemical Response to a Selective lectin with no Signal variation in The Presence of Unselective Proteins. Conclusion Anthraquinone-modified ligands could be Used to facilitate The Standardization of Electrochemical Impedance Sensors for The reproducible. , Selective analysis of ligand-protein Interactions. Keywords: Anthraquinone; Graphene; Glycoside; Lectin; Electrochemistry; EIS; Standardization Background The surface of mammalian cells on Distributed Sugars are Key Informational and adhesion molecules for Cell-Cell Recognition Through The Interaction with lectins (Sugar Recognition Proteins). Unquestionably the ability to probe sugar-lectin recognitions may boost the advancement of the glycomics. However, conventional approaches for analysis of these interactions mainly rely on immunofluorescence techniques, which are time-consuming and expensive. As a Result, a number of 'LABEL-free' methods for The Quick and Economic Detection of lectins Have been developed [1] - [5]. Among The Various methods introduced, Electrochemistry, Because of ITS Ease in manipulation and good sensitivity,. has been widely employed for lectin analyses [3], [5], [6]. In addition, electrochemical techniques generally do not require heavy facilities for signal output. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can sensitively interpret the resistive ability of an interfacial species, which has been broadly applied in the study of corrosion science as well as development of label-free sensors. EIS Sensors for lectins, based on The Gold-Alkenethiol Self-Assembly Technique, Have Provided Promising means for The concise, LABEL-free Detection of lectins and Live cells that Express a Glyco-receptor [7] - [15]. Nevertheless, while. the use of gold as working electrode may increase the detection cost, the standardization of electrodes remains difficult due to the lack of an inherent signal 'reporter'. To address these issues, we report here the design and synthesis of an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) in which the anthraquinone moiety can simultaneously serve as a 'binder' for a graphene-based electrode and a reporter that produces an electrochemical signal to standardize the sensor. fabrication. By using voltammetry, the AGs decorated on the graphene-based electrodes can be easily quantified, thereby facilitating the standardization of the electrodes to produce a unified signal window for lectin detection. Subsequently, EIS analyses showed that the standardized electrodes gave a highly reproducible electrochemical response to a selective lectin, suggesting the promise of using anthraquinone-modified glyco-ligands for the impedance detection of lectins.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Research article
Anthraquinonyl glycoside facilitates the standardization of graphene electrodes for the impedance detection. Of lectins
Bi-Wen, Cai Xiao-Peng Zhu Liang, He *, Guo-Rong Chen and Yi-Tao Long *

* Corresponding authors: Xiao-Peng He [e-mail] - Yi-Tao. Long [e-mail]


Author Affiliations Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of, Fine ChemicalsEast China University of Science and Technology 130 Rd, Meilong, 200237 PR Shanghai, China

For all, author emails please. Log on.

Chemistry Central, Journal 2014 8: 67 doi: 10.1186 / s13065-014-0067-y

The electronic version of this article is the. Complete one and can be found online at: http: / / journal.chemistrycentral.com / content / 8 / 1 / 67


Received: 9 July 2014
Accepted: 30 October. 2014
Published:25 November 2014
s 2014 Zhu et al.; Licensee Springer.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of. The Creative Commons Attribution License (http: / / creativecommons.org / licenses / by / 4.0), which permits unrestricted use distribution,,, And reproduction in, any medium provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication. Waiver (http:/ / creativecommons.org / publicdomain / zero / 1.0 /) applies to the data made available in, this article unless otherwise stated.

Formula. Display:


Abstract Background Construction of electrochemical impedance sensors by the self-assembly technique has become. A promising strategy for the 'label-free' detection of protein-ligand, However interactions.Previous impedance sensors are devoid of an inherent, electrochemical signal which limits the standardization of the sensors. For protein recognition in a reproducible manner.


We Results designed and synthesized an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG). Where the anthraquinone (AQ) moiety can bind to the surface of a graphene-based working electrode while the glycoside serving. As a ligand for lectin.By measuring the inherent voltammetric signal of AQ the glycosides, decorated on the working electrode could be simply. Quantified to obtain electrodes with a unified signal window. Subsequently impedance analysis, showed that the 'standardized.' Electrodes gave a reproducible electrochemical response to a selective lectin with no signal variation in the presence of. Unselective proteins.

.Conclusion
Anthraquinone-modified ligands could be used to facilitate the standardization of electrochemical impedance. Sensors for, the reproducible selective analysis of ligand-protein interactions.

Keywords: Anthraquinone; Graphene; Glycoside;? Lectin; Electrochemistry; EIS; Standardization Background

.Sugars distributed on the surface of mammalian cells are key informational molecules for cell-cell recognition and adhesion. Through the interaction with lectins (sugar recognition proteins). Unquestionably the ability to probe sugar-lectin recognitions. May boost the advancement of the, However glycomics.Conventional approaches for analysis of these interactions mainly rely on immunofluorescence techniques which are, time-consuming. And expensive. As, a result a number of 'label-free' methods for the quick and economic detection of lectins have been developed. [] []. 1 5

Among the various, methods introduced electrochemistry because of, its ease in manipulation and, good sensitivityHas been widely employed for lectin 3 analyses [], [], []. 5 6 In addition electrochemical techniques, generally do not require. Heavy facilities for signal output. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can sensitively interpret the resistive. Ability of an, interfacial species which has been broadly applied in the study of corrosion science as well as development. Of label-free sensors.EIS sensors for lectins based on, the gold-alkenethiol, self-assembly technique have provided promising means for the. Concise label-free detection, of lectins and live cells that express a glyco-receptor [7] - []. 15

Nevertheless while the,, Use of gold as working electrode may increase the, detection costThe standardization of electrodes remains difficult due to the lack of an inherent signal 'reporter'. To address these. Issues.We report here the design and synthesis of an anthraquinonyl glycoside (AG) in which the anthraquinone moiety can simultaneously. Serve as a 'binder' for a graphene-based electrode and a reporter that produces an electrochemical signal to standardize. The sensor fabrication. By, using voltammetry the AGs decorated on the graphene-based electrodes can be, easily quantifiedThereby facilitating the standardization of the electrodes to produce a unified signal window for lectin detection, Subsequently,. EIS analyses showed that the standardized electrodes gave a highly reproducible electrochemical response to a selective. Lectin suggesting the, promise of using anthraquinone-modified glyco-ligands for the impedance detection of lectins.