Ocean Energy systems Ocean Thermal

Ocean Energy systems
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion,(OTEC) using the temperature difference between warm surface water (80 °F) and cold deep (40 °F), deep 3050 fl the working fluid is heated and vaporized by the warm surface , expanded in turbine and condensed by the deep cold






Status
Japanese built and tested a 100 Kw (gross) onshore OTEC in 1981
Ocean wave Energy
Consist of a hollow, floating chamber and collapsible bladder connected by a hollow duct containing an air turbine. Wave collapse the bladder forcing air part the turbine and generate electricity.
Tidal Energy Conversion
Extract energy from the change is the level of ocean during tidal cycle (each 12 h . and 34 min.)
Consists of a tidal basin (created by a dam ) a turbo generator and gate in the darm to allow the tidal flow to enter or leave the tidal basin
Status
240 MW commercial plant northwest Framer, since 1962 (24×10MW turbine-generator)
Geothermal
4 – forms : 1 Hydrothermal 2geo pressured 3Hot dry rock 4 magma energy
Currently only Hydrothermal resource that have hot water or system are being developed for electrical power generation



-Dry steam p/p account for 3000 MW worldwide
Typically geo-thermal reservoirs contain dry superheated steam >392°F
Unfortunately dry steam resource are relatively rare
-Single flash system plants accounted for approx. 1500MW worldwide.









-Binary cycle system are the preferred for liquid-dominated reservoirs.
-Worldwide approx. As binary cycle plants total 126 MW
Geo pressured conversion technology
-separate methane and water mixture
-methane power the heat engine
-hot water is used in a binary cycle system
Hot Dry Rock Conversion Technology
-inlet and outlet water pipe connect the reservoir. Circulating hot water is heat is this reservoir and generation power by 1 and 2 or 3.
Magma Conversion Technology
-Tap into magma chamber, and circulate fluid in the chamber, thus creating a type at hole heat exchanger.
3. Energy Storage
To use energy generated during off-peak hours, to supply during peak hours.

Technologies:
-Battery energy storage system
-compressed air storage system
-pumped hydroelectric storage system
-superconducting magnets and Flywheel storage system
Battery storage
-off-peak hours, is exchanged
-peak hours, is discharged (typically 4-5 hours)
-Replacement energy 8-10 years
- Appropriate for utility use is lead-acid battery.
Commercial status:
-17MWh in Germany (Since 1986)
-4MWh in Osaka (Since 1988)
-40MWh in Southern California
-Round trip (AC-to-AC) efficiency of about 72%
Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
-stored in an underground cavern
-air is compressed during period.
-Generate power with a turbo generator during peak period
CAES unit consist of
-Compressor (incl. inter cooler, after cooler)
-Motor-generator
-Turbine (incl. expenders, combustors)
- Recuperator (to preheat air.)
-Underground cavern




-CAES plant can provide a start-up time of 9 min. for emergency and 12-min under normal conditions
Commercial Status:
- The 1st CAES plant is 290 MW, Huntorf, Germany.
- 35 MW in Japan
- 100MW in Israel.
4. Fusion
-Involver the release of energy from fusing of light nuclei is deuterium and Tritium into heavier nuclei is helium
- A large of energy is required to initiate fusion, to raise the KE of the light nuclei to overcome the repulsion forces.
- Tokamak power Reactor to be built is the International Thermonuclear Engineering Test Reactor with USA, Japan, Russian, EU; lost for design, material and construction is USD 7 billion.
However, research has continued with more thorough better instrumented experiments.
Results have been mixed and not always repeatable; however, excess heat, neutrons, tritium and protons have been observed although not always in the same experiment.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

Ocean Energy Systems
Ocean Thermal Energy conversion, (OTEC) using the Temperature difference between Warm surface Water (80 ° F) and cold Deep (40 ° F), Deep 3050 FL the working Fluid is heated and vaporized by the Warm surface, Expanded in. Deep turbine and condensed by the cold Status Japanese built and tested a 100 Kw (gross) in 1981st Onshore OTEC Ocean Wave Energy Consist of a Hollow, Floating Chamber and Collapsible bladder Hollow Connected by a duct containing an Air turbine. Wave Collapse the bladder forcing Air Part the turbine and Generate Electricity. Tidal Energy conversion Extract Energy from the Change is the level of Ocean during Tidal Cycle (each 12 H. and 34 min.) Consists of a Tidal basin (Created by a Dam). a Turbo Generator and Gate in the Darm to Allow the Tidal Flow to Enter or leave the Tidal basin Status 240 MW Commercial Plant Northwest Framer, since 1962 (24 × 10MW turbine-Generator) Geothermal 4 - Forms: 1 Hydrothermal 2geo pressured 3Hot Dry Rock. 4 Magma Energy Resource Currently only Hydrothermal System that are being developed or have hot Water for Electrical Power Generation Dry Steam P / P Account for 3000 MW Worldwide Typically Geo-Thermal reservoirs contain superheated Dry Steam> 392 ° F Unfortunately Resource are relatively Dry Steam. Rare Plants accounted for approx System-Single Flash. Worldwide 1500MW. -Binary Cycle System for Liquid-dominated Preferred are the reservoirs. -Worldwide approx. As binary Cycle Plants 126 MW total conversion pressured Geo Technology and Water -separate methane mixture -methane the Heat Engine Power -Hot Water is used in a binary Cycle System Hot Dry Rock conversion Technology -inlet and Outlet Pipe Connect the Water Reservoir. Water is circulating hot Heat Power Generation and Reservoir this is by 1 and 2 or 3. Magma Technology conversion -Tap into Magma Chamber, and Circulate Fluid in the Chamber, thus creating a Type Heat exchanger at Hole. 3. Energy Storage To use Peak Energy Generated during off-hours, to Supply during Peak hours. Technologies: -Battery Energy Storage System Storage System -compressed Air -pumped hydroelectric Storage System Storage System -superconducting magnets and Flywheel Storage Battery -off-Peak hours,. is exchanged -Peak hours, is discharged (typically 4-5 hours) Energy -Replacement 8-10 years - Appropriate for Lead-acid Battery Utility is use. Commercial Status: -17MWh in Germany (Since 1,986th) -4MWh in Osaka (Since. in 1988) -40MWh in Southern California -Round Trip (AC-to-AC) About 72% efficiency of Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) in an underground cavern -stored Compressed Air is during period. -Generate with a Turbo Generator during Power. Peak period CAES UNIT consist of -Compressor (incl. Inter Cooler, Cooler after) MOTOR-Generator -Turbine (incl. Expenders, combustors) - Recuperator (to Preheat Air.) -Underground cavern -CAES provide a Start-up Can Plant. time of 9 min. for Emergency and 12-min Normal conditions under Commercial Status: - The 1st CAES Plant is 290 MW, Huntorf, Germany. - 35 MW in Japan - 100MW in Israel. 4. Fusion -Involver the release of Light Energy from fusing nuclei of Deuterium and Tritium is heavier nuclei into helium is - is required to initiate A Large of Fusion Energy, KE to Raise the nuclei to overcome the repulsion of the Light Forces. - Power Reactor tokamak. to be built is the International Thermonuclear Engineering Test Reactor with USA, Japan, Russian, EU; Lost for Design, Material and Construction is USD 7 billion. However, More Thorough Research has Continued with better instrumented experiments. Results have been Mixed and not always repeatable; however, excess heat, neutrons, tritium and protons have been observed although not always in the same experiment.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Ocean Energy systems
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, (OTEC) using the temperature difference between warm surface water. (80 ° F) and cold deep (40 ° F), deep 3050 FL the working fluid is heated and vaporized by the warm surface expanded in,, Turbine and condensed by the deep cold







Japanese Status built and tested a 100 Kw (gross) onshore OTEC in 1981
Ocean. Wave Energy
Consist of, a hollowFloating chamber and collapsible bladder connected by a hollow duct containing an air turbine. Wave collapse the bladder. Forcing air part the turbine and generate electricity.

Tidal Energy Conversion Extract energy from the change is the level. Of ocean during tidal cycle (each 12 h. And 34 min.)
.Consists of a tidal basin (created by a dam) a turbo generator and gate in the darm to allow the tidal flow to enter or. Leave the tidal basin

240 Status MW commercial plant, northwest Framer since 1962 (24 × 10MW turbine-generator)
Geothermal.
4 - forms: 1 Hydrothermal 2GeO pressured 3Hot dry rock 4 magma energy
.Currently only Hydrothermal resource that have hot water or system are being developed for electrical power generation.



- Dry steam P / P account for 3000 MW worldwide
Typically geo-thermal reservoirs contain dry superheated steam > 392 ° F
. Unfortunately dry steam resource are relatively rare
- Single flash system plants accounted for approx. 1500MW, worldwide.









.- Binary cycle system are the preferred for liquid-dominated reservoirs.
- Worldwide approx. As binary cycle plants total 126 MW
Geo. Pressured conversion technology
- separate methane and water mixture
- methane power the heat engine
- hot water is used. In a binary cycle system
Hot Dry Rock Conversion Technology
- inlet and outlet water pipe connect the reservoir.Circulating hot water is heat is this reservoir and generation power by 1 and 2 or 3.
Magma Conversion Technology
- Tap. Into, magma chamber and circulate fluid in the chamber thus creating, a type at hole heat exchanger.
3. Energy Storage
. To use energy generated during off - peak hours to supply, during peak hours.


- Technologies Battery energy storage system
. - compressed air storage system
.- pumped hydroelectric storage system
- superconducting magnets and Flywheel storage system
Battery storage
- off-peak. Hours is, exchanged
- peak, hours is discharged (typically 4-5 hours)
- Replacement energy 8-10 years
- Appropriate for. Utility use is lead-acid battery.
Commercial status:
- 17MWh in Germany (Since 1986)
- 4MWh in Osaka (Since 1988)
- 40MWh. In Southern California
.- Round trip (AC-to-AC) efficiency of about 72%
Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
- stored in an underground cavern
. - air is compressed during period.
- Generate power with a turbo generator during peak period
CAES unit consist of
- Compressor. (incl. Inter, cooler after cooler)
-
- Motor-generator Turbine (incl,. Expenders combustors)
- Recuperator (to preheat. Air.)
- Underground cavern



.
- CAES plant can provide a start-up time of 9 min. For emergency and 12-min under normal conditions
Commercial Status:
- The. 1st CAES plant is 290,, MW Huntorf Germany.
- 35 MW in Japan
- 100MW in Israel.
4. Fusion
- Involver the release of. Energy from fusing of light nuclei is deuterium and Tritium into heavier nuclei is helium
- A large of energy is required. To, initiate fusionTo raise the KE of the light nuclei to overcome the repulsion forces.
- Tokamak power Reactor to be built is the International. Thermonuclear Engineering Test Reactor with USA Japan Russian,,,, EU; lost for design material and construction is USD 7 billion.
However,, Research has continued with more thorough better instrumented experiments.
Results have been mixed and not always repeatable;,,, however excess heat neutrons tritium and protons have been observed although not always in the same experiment.


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