In 1987 Cullen1 proposed the term m

In 1987 Cullen1 proposed the term multiple chemical sensitivities to define a condition that he described as ″An acquired disorder characterized by recurrent symptoms, referable to multiple organ systems, occurring in response to demonstrable exposure to chemically unrelated compounds at doses far below those established in the general population to cause harmful effects. No single widely accepted test of physiologic function can be shown to correlate with symptoms.”

″Multiple chemical sensitivities” is a renaming of a condition previously known as ″environmental illness.” 2 The newer term first appeared in a published volume that contained 12 chapters written by different physicians with widely differing views of ″environmental illness.”1 The total allergy syndrome, twentieth century disease, cerebral allergy, and chemically induced immune dysregulation are a few of the many other names used to describe the same condition.3
The concept of ″multiple chemical sensitivities” as a physical illness is central to the alternative form of medical practice known as clinical ecology.[4], [5] During the past 40 years the small group of physicians who practice clinical ecology have brought forth the idea that some persons are made sick because of the toxic effects of environmental synthetic chemicals. These persons have polysystemic, multiple symptomatic complaints without any objective evidence of physical disease. 6 In most cases the symptoms are attributed to ordinary low-level exposure to chemicals that are generally considered safe and do not appear to affect the rest of the population. In some cases the disease is attributed to a particular exposure incident, and in other cases it is attributed to long-term accumulated exposure. Clinical ecologists often use the concept of multiple chemical sensitivities to explain several otherwise well-defined diseases, particularly autoimmune and allergic diseases, migraine headaches,[7], [8] dysmenorrhea,9 and cancer.10

THE CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITIES
In accord with the definition, the illness is almost always subjective. The patient describes numerous symptoms that could encompass virtually any and in some cases all anatomic areas and physiologic systems of the body. The most common complaints are nonspecific and include fatigue, malaise, disorientation, poor memory, and disability for both occupational and domestic activities.6 Although patients with medically unexplained symptomatology have always accounted for a significant number of those seeking treatment from doctors, patients with ″multiple chemical sensitivities” present the unique story that their symptoms are triggered, provoked, or worsened by ″chemicals.” The specific chemicals identified as symptom-provoking are often common ones that have a characteristic odor, such as the ingredients or components in perfumes, paints, cleaning solvents, new carpeting, construction materials, gasoline, exhaust fumes, office machines, formaldehyde, and ammonia.[6], [11] The patients generally are intolerant of clothing stores and supermarkets. The provoking exposures, like the symptoms, are multiple. They are variable in chemical structure but are almost always detectable by odor.

Typically the patient's history includes an inability to tolerate a large variety of foods, drugs, and environmental chemicals. Intolerance in these cases contrasts strikingly to food or drug allergy, in which an immunologically specific sensitivity can be demonstrated and in which exposure to the allergen causes objective evidence of target organ inflammation. Intolerance in ″multiple chemical sensitivities” is subjective. Many different foods and medications evoke multiple symptoms that do not correspond to either recognized allergic responses or the known toxicities of the particular agents.

No pathognomonic (or even typical) abnormalities are found on physical examination.6 No single abnormality or combination of abnormalities is revealed by laboratory testing. Although proponents of multiple chemical sensitivities have claimed that tests of immune function will show defects that correlate with this diagnosis, published reports to date indicate that these patients as a group are immunologically normal.12 In keeping with the subjective character of the condition, there have been no reports of tissue pathology by either biopsy or autopsy.

Most patients with a diagnosis of multiple chemical sensitivities are women, and they are almost exclusively adults. No epidemiologic surveys have been performed to estimate prevalence, incidence, or geographic clustering. However, such a survey would be virtually impossible to carry out in the absence of a clear case definition. No information is available about prognosis, although the published cases and series reports describe a chronic and progressively increasing symptomatic condition

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

In 1987 Cullen1 proposed the term multiple chemical sensitivities to define a condition that he described as "An acquired disorder characterized by recurrent symptoms, referable to multiple organ systems, occurring in response to demonstrable exposure to chemically unrelated compounds at doses far below those established in the. general population to cause harmful effects. No single widely accepted Test of physiologic function Can be shown to correlate with symptoms. " "Multiple Chemical sensitivities" is a renaming of a condition previously Known as "Environmental illness." 2 The newer term First appeared in a Published volume that Contained 12 Chapters. Physicians with widely differing written by different Views of "Environmental illness." 1 The total allergy Syndrome, Twentieth Century disease, cerebral allergy, and chemically induced immune dysregulation are a few of the many names used to describe the Same Other Condition.3 The Concept. of "multiple chemical sensitivities" as a physical illness is central to the alternative form of medical practice known as clinical ecology. [4], [5] During the past 40 years the small group of physicians who practice clinical ecology have brought forth the idea. that some persons are made ​​sick because of the toxic effects of environmental synthetic chemicals. These persons have polysystemic, multiple symptomatic complaints without any objective evidence of physical disease. 6 In most cases the symptoms are attributed to ordinary low-level exposure to chemicals that are generally considered safe and do not appear to affect the rest of the population. In some cases the disease is attributed to a particular exposure incident, and in other cases it is attributed to long-term accumulated exposure. Clinical ecologists often use multiple Chemical sensitivities to Explain the Concept of several well-defined otherwise diseases, particularly autoimmune and allergic diseases, migraine headaches, [7], [8] dysmenorrhea, 9 and Cancer.10 THE CLINICAL SPECTRUM OF MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITIES In. accord with the definition, the illness is almost always subjective. The patient describes numerous symptoms that could encompass virtually any and in some cases all anatomic areas and physiologic systems of the body. The most common complaints are nonspecific and include fatigue, malaise, disorientation, poor memory, and disability for both occupational and domestic activities.6 Although patients with medically unexplained symptomatology have always accounted for a significant number of those seeking treatment from doctors, patients with ". multiple chemical sensitivities "present the unique story that their symptoms are triggered, provoked, or worsened by" chemicals. "The specific chemicals identified as symptom-provoking are often common ones that have a characteristic odor, such as the ingredients or components in perfumes,. paints, cleaning solvents, new carpeting, construction materials, gasoline, exhaust fumes, office machines, formaldehyde, and ammonia. [6], [11] The patients generally are intolerant of clothing stores and supermarkets. The provoking exposures, like the symptoms, are multiple. They are in Variable Chemical structure but are Almost always detectable by odor. Typically the Patient's History includes an Inability to tolerate a Large Variety of Foods, Drugs, and Environmental chemicals. Intolerance in these cases contrasts strikingly to food or drug allergy, in which an immunologically specific sensitivity can be demonstrated and in which exposure to the allergen causes objective evidence of target organ inflammation. Intolerance in "multiple chemical sensitivities" is subjective. Foods and Medications many different symptoms that do not EVOKE multiple corresponding to maximal Responses allergic to either recognized or the Known toxicities of the particular agents. No pathognomonic (or even Typical) abnormalities are Found on Examination.6 No physical abnormality or combination of abnormalities is revealed single. by laboratory testing. Although proponents of multiple chemical sensitivities have claimed that tests of immune function will show defects that correlate with this diagnosis, published reports to date indicate that these patients as a group are immunologically normal.12 In keeping with the subjective character of the condition, there have. been no reports of tissue biopsy or autopsy Pathology by either. Most patients with a diagnosis of multiple Chemical sensitivities Women are, and they are adults Almost exclusively. No epidemiologic surveys have been performed to estimate prevalence, incidence, or geographic clustering. However, such a survey would be virtually impossible to carry out in the absence of a clear case definition. No information is available about prognosis, although the published cases and series reports describe a chronic and progressively increasing symptomatic condition.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

In 1987 Cullen1 proposed the term multiple chemical sensitivities to define a condition that he described as An acquired. " Disorder characterized by, recurrent symptoms referable to multiple organ systems occurring in, response to demonstrable. Exposure to chemically unrelated compounds at doses far below those established in the general population to cause harmful. Effects.No single widely accepted test of physiologic function can be shown to correlate with symptoms. "

" Multiple chemical sensitivities. " Is a renaming of a condition previously known as "environmental illness." 2 The newer term first appeared in a published. Volume that contained 12 chapters written by different physicians with widely differing views of "environmental illness."1 The total allergy syndrome twentieth disease, century, allergy and cerebral, chemically induced immune dysregulation. Are a few of the many other names used to describe the same condition.3
The concept of "multiple chemical sensitivities." As a physical illness is central to the alternative form of medical practice known as clinical ecology. [4],[] During 5 the past 40 years the small group of physicians who practice clinical ecology have brought forth the idea that. Some persons are made sick because of the toxic effects of environmental synthetic chemicals. These persons, have polysystemic. Multiple symptomatic complaints without any objective evidence of physical disease.