Though these externalities hold for all modalities the magnitude, of these
external costs may differ considerably per, modality. Government expenditures on mobility
can be considered as external costs as long as the user does not (or only partly take.) These into
account in his or her mobility decision. Only if the government charges the user directly for
the costs these,, Costs are internalised.These expenditures include construction and
maintenance of infrastructure (including facilities for the environment and. Traffic safety such
as noise barriers and wild life viaducts), traffic duties of police, and justice other government
activities. (for instance license registration et cetera), public transport subsidies and other
transport related government expenditures.
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