be considered relatively safe in a

be considered relatively safe in a long-term treatment at doses up to 100 mg/kg. Accordingly, we did not detect any deleterious effect on the liver or kidney functions which remained normal through- out the experiment at all doses tested. Moreover, we showed that the 21-day acute toxicity treatment with lemongrass EO reduces cholesterol levels. These results corroborate its long-term medici- nal use by different traditional populations over the years. How- ever, other pharmacological studies are required to elucidate the action mechanism by which this EO reduces serum cholesterol and body weight.

Conflict of Interest

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to MSc. Carlos Alberto da Silva Ribeiro, MSc. Filipe Ferreira Galvão, MSc. Flávia Bonamin, Dr. Leonardo Noboru Seito, and Daniele Oliveira Köhn for technical assistance. This work was part of the PhD dissertation of Celso A.R.A. Costa and was sup- ported by grants from FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Celso A.R.A. Costa – Proc. n . 2006/07195-8 and Lucas T. Bidinotto – Proc. n . 2006/58174-0).

References

Adeneye, A.A., Agbaje, E.O., 2007. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of fresh leaf aqueous extracto f Cymbopogon citratus Stapf in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.
112, 440–444.
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M., 2008. Biological effects of essential oils – a review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 446–475.
Bidinotto, L.T., Costa, C.A.R.A., Salvadori, D.M.F., Costa, M., Rodrigues, M.A.M., Barbisan, L.F., 2010. Protective effects of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus STAPF) essential oil on DNA damage and carcinogenesis in female Balb/C mice. J. Appl. Toxicol. doi:10.1002/jat.1593.
Blanco, M.M., Costa, C.A.R.A., Freire, A.O., Santos Jr., J.G., Costa, M., 2009.
Neurobehavioral effect of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus in mice. Phytomedicine 16, 265–270.
Carbajal, D., Casaco, A., Arruzazabala, L., Gonzalez, R., Tolon, Z., 1989.
Pharmacological study of Cymbopogon citratus leaves. J. Ethnopharmacol. 25,
103–107.
Carlini, E.A., Contar, J.D.P., Silva-Filho, A.R., Silveira-Filho, N.G., Frochtengarten, M.L., Bueno, O.F.A., 1986. Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus STAPF). I. Effects of teas prepared from the leaves on laboratory animals. J. Ethnopharmacol. 17, 37–64.
Carnesecchi, S., Bras-Gonçalves, R., Bradaia, A., Zeisel, M., Gossé, F., Poupon, M.F., Raul, F., 2004. Geraniol, a component of plant essential oil, modulates DNA synthesis and potentiates 5-fluorouracil efficacy on human colon tumor xenografts. Cancer Lett. 215, 53–59.
Cheel, J., Theoduloz, C., Rodrguez, J., Schmeda-Hirschmann, G., 2005. Free radical scavengers and antioxidants from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 (7), 2511–2517.
Choi, H.-S., Song, H.S., Ukeda, H., Sawamura, M., 2000. Radical-scavenging activities
of citrus essential oils and their components: detection using 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48 (9), 4156–4161.
Costa, C.A.R.A., Köhn, D.O., Lima, V.M., Costa, M., 2009. Tratamento agudo, mas não subcrônico, com óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus promove efeito ansiolítico por meio de receptores benzodiazepínicos. Revista de Fitoterapia 9 (S1), 153.
Delgado, L.F., Carvalho, R.R., Nogueira, A.C.M.A., Mattos, A.P., Figueiredo, L.H., Oliveira, S.H.P., Chahoud, L., Paumgartten, F.J.R., 1993. Study on embryofeto- toxicity of b-myrcene in the rat. Food Chem. Toxicol. 31, 31–35.

Do Rego, J.C., Orta, M.H., Leprince, J., Tonon, M.C., Vaudry, H., Costentin, J., 2007.
Pharmacological characterization of the receptor mediating the anorexigenic action of the octadecaneuropeptide: evidence for an endozepinergic tone regulating food intake. Neuropsychopharmacology 32, 1641–1648.
Elson, C.E., Underbakke, G.L., Hanson, P., Shrago, E., Wainberg, R.H., Qureshi, A.A.,
1989. Impact of lemongrass oil, an essential oil, on serum cholesterol. Lipids 24 (8), 677–679.
Ernst, E., 2004. Risks of herbal medicinal products. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf.
13, 767–771.
Fandohan, P., Gnonlonfin, B., Laleye, A., Gbenou, J.D., Darboux, R., Moudachirou, M.,
2008. Toxicity and gastric tolerance of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus,
Ocimun gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum in Wistar rats. Food Chem. Toxicol.
46, 2493–2497.
Hartmann, A., Speit, G., 1997. The contribution of cytotoxicity to DNA-effects in the single cell gel test (comet assay). Toxicol. Lett. 90 (2–3), 183–188.
Lapczynski, A., Bhatia, S.P., Foxenberg, R.J., Letizia, C.S., Api, A.M., 2008. Fragrance material review on geraniol. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, S160–S170.
Litchfield, J.T., Wilcoxon, F., 1949. A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 96, 99–113.
Melo, S.F., Soares, S.F., da Costa, R.F., da Silva, C.R., de Oliveira, M.B., Bezerra, R.J.,
et al., 2001. Effect of the Cymbopogon citratus, Maytenus ilicifolia and Baccharis genistelloides extracts against the stannous chloride oxidative damage in Escherichia coli. Mutat. Res. 496 (1–2), 33–38.
Michael, B., Yano, B., Sellers, R.S., Perry, R., Morton, D., Roome, N., Johnson, J.K., Schafer, K., 2007. Evaluation of organ weights for rodent and non-rodent toxicity studies: a review of regulatory guidelines and a survey of current practices. Toxicol. Pathol. 35, 742–750.
Mitic´ -C´ ulafic´ , C., Zˇ egura, B., Nikolic´ , B., Vukovic´ -Gacˇic´ , B., Knezˇ evic´ -Vukcˇevic´ , J.,
Filipicˇ, M., 2009. Protective effect of Linalool, Myrcene and Eucalyptol against t- butyl hydroperoxide induced genotoxicity in bacteria and cultured human cells. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47 (1), 260–266.
National Toxicology Program Research Triangle Park/USA, 2003. NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of citral (microencapsulated) (CAS No. 5392-40-5) in F344/N and B6C3F1 mice (feed studies). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser.
505, 1–268.
Negrelle, R.R.B., Gomes, E.C., 2007. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf: chemical composition and biological activities. Rev. Bras. Pl Med 9, 80–92.
Nogueira, A.C.M.A., Carvalho, R.R., Souza, C.A.M., Chahoud, I., Paumgartten, F.J.R.,
1995. Study on the embryofeto-toxicity of citral in the rat. Toxicology 96, 105–
113.
Opdyke, D.L.J., 1976. Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food Cosmet. Toxicol.
14, 455–457.
Pereira, R.P., Fachinetto, R., Prestes, A.S., Puntel, R.L., Silva, G.N.S., Heinzmann, B.M., et al., 2009. Antioxidant effects of different extracts from Melissa officinalis, Matricaria recutita and Cymbopogon citratus. Neurochem. Res. 34, 973–983.
Rabbani, S.I., Devi, K., Khanam, S., Zahra, N., 2006. Citral, a component of lemongrass oil inhibits the clastogenic effect of nickel chloride in mouse micronucleus test system. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 19 (2), 108–113.
Sousa, M.P., Matos, M.E.O., Matos, F.J.A., Machado, M.I.L., Craveiro, A.A., 1991.
Constituintes químicos ativos de plantas medicinais brasileiras. Editora UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil.
Standardized System of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (SSNDC), 2006.
Guides. Society of Toxicologic Pathology. . Suaeyun, R., Kinouchi, T., Arimochi, H., Vinitketkumnuen, U., Ohnishi, Y., 1997.
Inhibitory effects of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) on formation of azoxymethane-induced DNA adducts and aberrant crypt foci in the rat colon. Carcinogenesis 18 (5), 949–955.
Tapia, A., Cheel, J., Theoduloz, C., Rodríguez, J., Schmeda-Hirschmann, G., Gerth, A., et al., 2007. Free radical scavengers from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) STAPF plants cultivated in bioreactors by the temporary immersion (TIS) principle. Z. Naturforsch. [C] 62 (5-6), 447–457.
Tice, R.R., Agurell, E., Anderson, D., Burlinson, B., Hartmann, A., Kobayashi, H., et al.,
2000. Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 35 (3), 206–221.
World Health Organization, 2000. General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine. Geneva, WHO (unpublished document WHO/EDM/TRM/2000.1).
Zhu, M., Lew, K.T., Leung, P., 2002. Protective effects of plants formula on ethanol- induced gastric lesions in rats. Phytother. Res. 16, 276–280.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 1:

be considered relatively safe in a long-term treatment at doses up to 100 mg/kg. Accordingly, we did not detect any deleterious effect on the liver or kidney functions which remained normal through- out the experiment at all doses tested. Moreover, we showed that the 21-day acute toxicity treatment with lemongrass EO reduces cholesterol levels. These results corroborate its long-term medici- nal use by different traditional populations over the years. How- ever, other pharmacological studies are required to elucidate the action mechanism by which this EO reduces serum cholesterol and body weight.Conflict of InterestAll authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to MSc. Carlos Alberto da Silva Ribeiro, MSc. Filipe Ferreira Galvão, MSc. Flávia Bonamin, Dr. Leonardo Noboru Seito, and Daniele Oliveira Köhn for technical assistance. This work was part of the PhD dissertation of Celso A.R.A. Costa and was sup- ported by grants from FAPESP – Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Celso A.R.A. Costa – Proc. n . 2006/07195-8 and Lucas T. Bidinotto – Proc. n . 2006/58174-0).ReferencesAdeneye, A.A., Agbaje, E.O., 2007. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of fresh leaf aqueous extracto f Cymbopogon citratus Stapf in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.112, 440-444.Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M., 2008. Biological effects of essential oils – a review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 446–475.Bidinotto, L.T., Costa, C.A.R.A., Salvadori, D.M.F., Costa, M., Rodrigues, M.A.M., Barbisan, L.F., 2010. Protective effects of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus STAPF) essential oil on DNA damage and carcinogenesis in female Balb/C mice. J. Appl. Toxicol. doi:10.1002/jat.1593.Blanco, M.M., Costa, C.A.R.A., Freire, A.O., Santos Jr., J.G., Costa, M., 2009.Neurobehavioral effect of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus in mice. Phytomedicine 16, 265–270.Carbajal, D., Casaco, A., Arruzazabala, L., Gonzalez, R., Tolon, Z., 1989.Pharmacological study of Cymbopogon citratus leaves. J. Ethnopharmacol. 25,103 – 107.Carlini, E.A., Contar, J.D.P., Silva-Filho, A.R., Silveira-Filho, N.G., Frochtengarten, M.L., Bueno, O.F.A., 1986. Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus STAPF). I. Effects of teas prepared from the leaves on laboratory animals. J. Ethnopharmacol. 17, 37–64.Carnesecchi, S., Bras-Gonçalves, R., Bradaia, A., Zeisel, M., Gossé, F., Poupon, M.F., Raul, F., 2004. Geraniol, a component of plant essential oil, modulates DNA synthesis and potentiates 5-fluorouracil efficacy on human colon tumor xenografts. Cancer Lett. 215, 53–59.Cheel, J., Theoduloz, C., Rodrguez, J., Schmeda-Hirschmann, G., 2005. Free radical scavengers and antioxidants from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 (7), 2511–2517.Choi, H.-S., Song, H.S., Ukeda, H., Sawamura, M., 2000. Radical-scavenging activitiesof citrus essential oils and their components: detection using 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48 (9), 4156–4161.Costa, C.A.R.A., Köhn, D.O., Lima, V.M., Costa, M., 2009. Tratamento agudo, mas não subcrônico, com óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus promove efeito ansiolítico por meio de receptores benzodiazepínicos. Revista de Fitoterapia 9 (S1), 153.Delgado, L.F., Carvalho, R.R., Nogueira, A.C.M.A., Mattos, A.P., Figueiredo, L.H., Oliveira, S.H.P., Chahoud, L., Paumgartten, F.J.R., 1993. Study on embryofeto- toxicity of b-myrcene in the rat. Food Chem. Toxicol. 31, 31–35. Do Rego, J.C., Orta, M.H., Leprince, J., Tonon, M.C., Vaudry, H., Costentin, J., 2007.Pharmacological characterization of the receptor mediating the anorexigenic action of the octadecaneuropeptide: evidence for an endozepinergic tone regulating food intake. Neuropsychopharmacology 32, 1641–1648.Elson, C.E., Underbakke, G.L., Hanson, P., Shrago, E., Wainberg, R.H., Qureshi, A.A.,1989. Impact of lemongrass oil, an essential oil, on serum cholesterol. Lipids 24 (8), 677–679.Ernst, E., 2004. Risks of herbal medicinal products. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf.13, 767-771.Fandohan, P., Gnonlonfin, B., Laleye, A., Gbenou, J.D., Darboux, R., Moudachirou, M.,2008. Toxicity and gastric tolerance of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus,Ocimun gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum in Wistar rats. Food Chem. Toxicol.46, 2493-2497.Hartmann, A., Speit, G., 1997. The contribution of cytotoxicity to DNA-effects in the single cell gel test (comet assay). Toxicol. Lett. 90 (2–3), 183–188.Lapczynski, A., Bhatia, S.P., Foxenberg, R.J., Letizia, C.S., Api, A.M., 2008. Fragrance material review on geraniol. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, S160–S170.Litchfield, J.T., Wilcoxon, F., 1949. A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 96, 99–113.Melo, S.F., Soares, S.F., da Costa, R.F., da Silva, C.R., de Oliveira, M.B., Bezerra, R.J.,et al., 2001. Effect of the Cymbopogon citratus, Maytenus ilicifolia and Baccharis genistelloides extracts against the stannous chloride oxidative damage in Escherichia coli. Mutat. Res. 496 (1–2), 33–38.Michael, B., Yano, B., Sellers, R.S., Perry, R., Morton, D., Roome, N., Johnson, J.K., Schafer, K., 2007. Evaluation of organ weights for rodent and non-rodent toxicity studies: a review of regulatory guidelines and a survey of current practices. Toxicol. Pathol. 35, 742–750.Mitic´ -C´ ulafic´ , C., Zˇ egura, B., Nikolic´ , B., Vukovic´ -Gacˇic´ , B., Knezˇ evic´ -Vukcˇevic´ , J.,Filipicˇ, M., 2009. Protective effect of Linalool, Myrcene and Eucalyptol against t- butyl hydroperoxide induced genotoxicity in bacteria and cultured human cells. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47 (1), 260–266.National Toxicology Program Research Triangle Park/USA, 2003. NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of citral (microencapsulated) (CAS No. 5392-40-5) in F344/N and B6C3F1 mice (feed studies). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. Rep. Ser.1, 505-268.Negrelle, R.R.B., Gomes, E.C., 2007. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf: chemical composition and biological activities. Rev. Bras. Pl Med 9, 80–92.Nogueira, A.C.M.A., Carvalho, R.R., Souza, C.A.M., Chahoud, I., Paumgartten, F.J.R.,1995. Study on the embryofeto-toxicity of citral in the rat. Toxicology 96, 105–113.Opdyke, D.L.J., 1976. Monographs on fragrance raw materials. Food Cosmet. Toxicol.14, 455-457.Pereira, R.P., Fachinetto, R., Prestes, A.S., Puntel, R.L., Silva, G.N.S., Heinzmann, B.M., et al., 2009. Antioxidant effects of different extracts from Melissa officinalis, Matricaria recutita and Cymbopogon citratus. Neurochem. Res. 34, 973–983.Rabbani, S.I., Devi, K., Khanam, S., Zahra, N., 2006. Citral, a component of lemongrass oil inhibits the clastogenic effect of nickel chloride in mouse micronucleus test system. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 19 (2), 108–113.Sousa, M.P., Matos, M.E.O., Matos, F.J.A., Machado, M.I.L., Craveiro, A.A., 1991.Constituintes químicos ativos de plantas medicinais brasileiras. Editora UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil.Standardized System of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (SSNDC), 2006.Guides. Society of Toxicologic Pathology. . Suaeyun, R., Kinouchi, T., Arimochi, H., Vinitketkumnuen, U., Ohnishi, Y., 1997.Inhibitory effects of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) on formation of azoxymethane-induced DNA adducts and aberrant crypt foci in the rat colon. Carcinogenesis 18 (5), 949–955.Tapia, A., Cheel, J., Theoduloz, C., Rodríguez, J., Schmeda-Hirschmann, G., Gerth, A., et al., 2007. Free radical scavengers from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) STAPF plants cultivated in bioreactors by the temporary immersion (TIS) principle. Z. Naturforsch. [C] 62 (5-6), 447–457.Tice, R.R., Agurell, E., Anderson, D., Burlinson, B., Hartmann, A., Kobayashi, H., et al.,2000. Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 35 (3), 206–221.World Health Organization, 2000. General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine. Geneva, WHO (unpublished document WHO/EDM/TRM/2000.1).Zhu, M., Lew, K.T., Leung, P., 2002. Protective effects of plants formula on ethanol- induced gastric lesions in rats. Phytother. Res. 16, 276–280.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

be considered relatively safe in a long-term treatment at doses up to 100 mg / kg. Accordingly, we did not detect any deleterious effect on the liver or kidney functions which remained normal through- out the experiment at all doses tested. Moreover, we showed that the 21-day acute toxicity treatment with lemongrass EO reduces cholesterol levels. These results corroborate its long-term medici- nal use by different traditional populations over the years. How-Ever, Other pharmacological Studies are Required to elucidate The mechanism by which this EO Action Reduces serum cholesterol and Body Weight. Con FL ICT of Interest All authors Declare that they Have no con FL ICTS of interest. Acknowledgments We are Grateful to MSc. Carlos Alberto da Silva Ribeiro, MSc. Filipe Ferreira Galvão, MSc. Flávia Bonamin, Dr. Leonardo Noboru Seito, and Daniele Oliveira Köhn for technical assistance. This work was part of the PhD dissertation of Celso ARA Costa and was sup- ported by grants from FAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Celso ARA Costa - Proc. N. 2006 / 07195-8 and Lucas T. Bidinotto - Proc. n. two thousand and six / 58174-0). References Adeneye, AA, Agbaje, EO, 2007. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf F Fresh Leaf AQUEOUS extracto in Rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 112, from 440 to 444. Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M., 2008. Biological effects of Essential Oils - a review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 446 to 475. Bidinotto, LT, Costa, CARA, Salvadori, DMF, Costa, M., Rodrigues, MAM, Barbisan, LF, 2010. Protective effects of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) Essential Oil on DNA damage and carcinogenesis in. female Balb / C mice. J. Appl. Toxicol. Doi: 10.1002 / Jat.1593. Blanco, MM, Costa, CARA, Freire, AO, Santos Jr., JG, Costa, M., 2009th. Neurobehavioral Effect of Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus in mice. Phytomedicine 16, 265-270. Carbajal, D., casaco, A., Arruzazabala, L., Gonzalez, R., Tolon, Z., the 1,989th. Pharmacological Study of Cymbopogon citratus leaves. J. Ethnopharmacol. 25, 103-107. Carlini, EA, Contar, JDP, Silva-Filho, AR, Silveira-Filho, NG, Frochtengarten, ML, Bueno, OFA, 1986. Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). I. Effects of teas prepared from the leaves on laboratory animals. J. Ethnopharmacol. 17, thirty-seven to sixty-four. Carnesecchi, S., Bras-Gonçalves, R., Bradaia, A., Zeisel, M., gosse, F., Poupon, MF, Raul, F., 2004. Geraniol, a Component of Plant. essential oil, modulates DNA synthesis and potentiates 5-fl uorouracil ef fi cacy on human colon tumor xenografts. Cancer Lett. 215, 53-59. Cheel, J., Theoduloz, C., Rodrguez, J., Schmeda-Hirschmann, G., 2005. Free Radical scavengers and antioxidants from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 53 (7), 2511-2,517. Choi, H.-S., Song, HS, Ukeda, H., Sawamura, M., 2000. Radical-scavenging activities of Citrus Essential Oils and their components: Detection using 1,1. -diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48 (9), from 4156 to 4,161. Costa, CARA, Köhn, DO, Lima, VM, Costa, M., 2009. Tratamento Agudo, Mas não Subcrônico, com óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus Promove efeito Ansiolítico por meio de Receptores Benzodiazepínicos. Revista de Fitoterapia 9 (S1), 153. Delgado, LF, Carvalho, RR, Nogueira, ACMA, Mattos, AP, Figueiredo, LH, Oliveira, SHP, Chahoud, L., Paumgartten, FJR, 1993. Study on Embryofeto- toxicity. of b-myrcene in the rat. Food Chem. Toxicol. 31, 31-35. Do Rego, JC, Orta, MH, Leprince, J., Tonon, MC, Vaudry, H., Costentin, J., the 2007th. Pharmacological characterization of receptor mediating The anorexigenic The Action of The Octadecaneuropeptide: Evidence. for an endozepinergic tone regulating food intake. Neuropsychopharmacology 32, 1641 to 1648. Elson, CE, Underbakke, GL, Hanson, P., Shrago, E., Wainberg, RH, Qureshi, AA, 1989th. Impact of lemongrass oil, an essential oil, on serum cholesterol. Lipids 24 (8), 677-679. Ernst, E., 2004. Risks of Herbal Medicinal products. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 13, 767-771. Fandohan, P., Gnonlon fi n, B., Laleye, A., Gbenou, JD, Darboux, R., Moudachirou, M., in 2008. Tolerance and gastric toxicity of Essential Oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum basilicum Ocimun Gratissimum and in Wistar Rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, from 2493 to 2,497. Hartmann, A., Speit, G., 1997. The contribution of cytotoxicity to DNA-effects in single Cell The gel test (Comet assay). Toxicol. Lett. 90 (2-3), from 183 to 188. Lapczynski, A., Bhatia, SP, Foxenberg, RJ, Letizia, CS, Api, AM, 2008. Fragrance Material review on geraniol. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, S160-S170. Litch fi Eld, JT, Wilcoxon, F., 1949. A Simpli fi ed Method of Evaluating dose-Effect experiments. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 96, ninety-nine to one hundred thirteen. Melo, SF, Soares, SF, da Costa, RF, da Silva, CR, de Oliveira, MB, Bezerra, RJ, et AL., 2001. The Effect of Cymbopogon citratus, Maytenus ilicifolia and Baccharis Genistelloides. extracts against the stannous chloride oxidative damage in Escherichia coli. Mutat. Res. 496 (1-2), 33-38. Michael, B., Yano, B., Sellers, RS, Perry, R., Morton, D., Roome, N., Johnson, JK, Schafer, K., 2 007. . Evaluation of organ weights for rodent and non-rodent toxicity studies: a review of regulatory guidelines and a survey of current practices. Toxicol. Pathol. 35, seven hundred and forty-two to seven hundred and fifty. Mitic' -C' Ula fi C', C., Z Egura, B., Nikolic', B., Vukovic' -Gacic', B., Knez Evic' -Vukcevic', J., Filipic,. M., 2009. Protective effect of Linalool, Myrcene and Eucalyptol against t- butyl hydroperoxide induced genotoxicity in bacteria and cultured human cells. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47 (1), two hundred sixty to two hundred and sixty-six. National Toxicology Program Research Triangle Park / USA, 2003. NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis Studies of citral (Microencapsulated) (CAS No. 5392-40-5) in F344 / N and B6C3F1 mice (Feed Studies. ). Natl. Toxicol. Program Tech. REP. Ser. 505, 1-268. Negrelle, RRB, Gomes, EC, 2007. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf: Chemical composition and Biological activities. Rev. Bras. Pl Med 9, 80-92. Nogueira, ACMA, Carvalho, RR, Souza, CAM, Chahoud, I., Paumgartten, FJR, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-five. Study on the embryofeto-toxicity of citral in the rat. Toxicology 96, 105 113. Opdyke, DLJ, 1976. Monographs on Fragrance RAW materials. Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 14, 455-457. Pereira, RP, Fachinetto, R., Prestes, AS, Puntel, RL, Silva, GNS, Heinzmann, BM, et AL., 2009. Antioxidant effects of different extracts from Melissa of fi Cinalis, Matricaria recutita. and Cymbopogon citratus. Neurochem. Res. 34, 973 to 983. Rabbani, SI, Devi, K., Khanam, S., Zahra, N., 2006. Citral, a Component of lemongrass Oil inhibits Clastogenic The Effect of Nickel chloride in System Mouse micronucleus test. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 19 (2), from 108 to 113. Sousa, MP, Matos, MEO, Matos, FJA, Machado, MIL, Craveiro, AA, one thousand nine hundred ninety-one. Constituintes Químicos ativos Brasileiras de Plantas Medicinais. Editora UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil. Standardized System of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (SSNDC), the 2006th. Guides. Society of Toxicologic Pathology.



























































. Suaeyun, R., Kinouchi, T., Arimochi, H., Vinitketkumnuen, U., Ohnishi, Y., 1997th.
Inhibitory effects of Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) on Formation of DNA adducts and Aberrant Crypt Azoxymethane-induced foci in. the rat colon. Carcinogenesis 18 (5), 949-955.
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ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 3:

Be considered relatively safe in a long-term treatment at doses up to 100 mg / kg. Accordingly we did, not detect any deleterious. Effect on the liver or kidney functions which remained normal through - out the experiment at all doses tested, Moreover,. We showed that the 21-day acute toxicity treatment with Lemongrass EO reduces cholesterol levels.These results corroborate its long-term Medici - nal use by different traditional populations over the years. How - ever,, Other pharmacological studies are required to elucidate the action mechanism by which this EO reduces serum cholesterol. And body weight.

Con fl ICT of Interest

All authors declare that they have no con fl ICTs of interest.



, Acknowledgments We Are grateful to MSc.Carlos Alberto Da, Silva Ribeiro MSc. Filipe Ferreira Galv, the o MSc. Fl structure, via Bonamin Dr. Leonardo Noboru Seito and Daniele,, Oliveira K ö HN for technical assistance. This work was part of the PhD dissertation of Celso A.R.A. Costa and was sup - ported. By grants from FAPESP - Funda ç the o de Amparo: Pesquisa do Estado de S the o Paulo (Celso A.R.A. Costa - Proc. N. 2006 / 07195-8. And Lucas T.Bidinotto - Proc. N. 2006 / 58174-0).



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