Total nitrogen (TN) was 134 mg/L in the mannitol supernatant and 48 mg/L in the VFA effluent. Initially 1 L of VFA effluent was added to the 2 L of mannitol substrate; this addition diluted manntiol and VFA concentration in the substrate to 2/3 and 1/3 of pre-addition levels, respectively. During the first 12 h, VFAs were not dramatically consumed by C. curvatus(Fig. 3). Lipid con-centration and DCW increased slightly at the same time. However, lipid content increased rapidly from less than 10% to 30%. During the next 36 h, lipid content, lipid concentration, and DCW increased to a much higher level until 48 h when all VFAs were used up by yeasts. As for lipid content, it achieved its highest point (48.30%). It is obvious that the concentration of mannitol was almost constant until 48 h, which could demonstrate that in lipid-producing metabolic pathway of C. curvatus, VFAs were more preferable than mannitol as a carbon sources under pH of 5.5. After the exhaustion of VFAs, mannitol began to gradually decrease and was consumed up within 84 h. In the meantime, DCW increased to 3.60 g/L until 72 h and then remained stable; whereas lipid con-tent suddenly reduced which resulted in the decrease of lipid concentration. This phenomenon which is called as ‘‘lipid turn-over’’ is related with storage lipid degradation (Chen et al., 2012; Peng et al., 2013). Microbial lipid turnover has been extensivelystudied in Y. lipolytic and C. echinulate (Papanikolaou and Aggelis,n2011a). Oleaginous yeasts consume their own intracellular lipids to maintain lipid-free biomass when carbon source is exhausted or carbon uptake rate decreases. Because there was still some man-nitol left in the substrate, the lipid turnover could result from the reduced carbon source uptake rate. When VFAs were exhausted, C. curvatus had to consume mannitol as substitution, which could make the carbon source uptake rate decreased during this process. From 72 h, lipid content increased again with more mannitol assimilated by the yeasts.
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全窒素 (TN) の 134 mg/L の培養上清のマンニトールでされ、48 mg/L の VFA 排水 1 L VFA 排水の当初はマンニトール基板の 2 L に追加されましたこの追加希薄 manntiol と 2/3、1 を基板に VFA 濃度/事前添加の 3 つのレベル、それぞれ最初の 12 h 中 Vfa ない劇的に c. curvatus(Fig. 3). 脂質 con-センタリングによって消費されたを DCW 増加した少し同じ時間。 ただし、脂質含量は 30 に 10 % 未満から急速に増加 % 次の 36 h、脂質含量, 脂質濃度および DCW 中増加すべて Vfa をによる酵母脂質含量に関して使用されたとき 48 h まで非常に高いレベルに、それはその hig を達成。hest point (48.30%). It is obvious that the concentration of mannitol was almost constant until 48 h, which could demonstrate that in lipid-producing metabolic pathway of C. curvatus, VFAs were more preferable than mannitol as a carbon sources under pH of 5.5. After the exhaustion of VFAs, mannitol began to gradually decrease and was consumed up within 84 h. In the meantime, DCW increased to 3.60 g/L until 72 h and then remained stable; whereas lipid con-tent suddenly reduced which resulted in the decrease of lipid concentration. This phenomenon which is called as ''lipid turn-over'' is related with storage lipid degradation (Chen et al., 2012; Peng et al., 2013). Microbial lipid turnover has been extensivelystudied in Y. lipolytic and C. echinulate (Papanikolaou and Aggelis,n2011a). Oleaginous yeasts consume their own intracellular lipids to maintain lipid-free biomass when carbon source is exhausted or carbon uptake rate decreases. Because there was still some man-nitol left in the substrate, the lipid turnover could result from the reduced carbon source uptake rate. When VFAs were exhausted, C. curvatus had to consume mannitol as substitution, which could make the carbon source uptake rate decreased during this process. From 72 h, lipid content increased again with more mannitol assimilated by the yeasts.
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Total nitrogen (TN) was 134 mg/L in the mannitol supernatant and 48 mg/L in the VFA effluent. Initially 1 L of VFA effluent was added to the 2 L of mannitol substrate; this addition diluted manntiol and VFA concentration in the substrate to 2/3 and 1/3 of pre-addition levels, respectively. During the first 12 h, VFAs were not dramatically consumed by C. curvatus(Fig. 3). Lipid con-centration and DCW increased slightly at the same time. However, lipid content increased rapidly from less than 10% to 30%. During the next 36 h, lipid content, lipid concentration, and DCW increased to a much higher level until 48 h when all VFAs were used up by yeasts. As for lipid content, it achieved its highest point (48.30%). It is obvious that the concentration of mannitol was almost constant until 48 h, which could demonstrate that in lipid-producing metabolic pathway of C. curvatus, VFAs were more preferable than mannitol as a carbon sources under pH of 5.5. After the exhaustion of VFAs, mannitol began to gradually decrease and was consumed up within 84 h. In the meantime, DCW increased to 3.60 g/L until 72 h and then remained stable; whereas lipid con-tent suddenly reduced which resulted in the decrease of lipid concentration. This phenomenon which is called as ‘‘lipid turn-over’’ is related with storage lipid degradation (Chen et al., 2012; Peng et al., 2013). Microbial lipid turnover has been extensivelystudied in Y. lipolytic and C. echinulate (Papanikolaou and Aggelis,n2011a). Oleaginous yeasts consume their own intracellular lipids to maintain lipid-free biomass when carbon source is exhausted or carbon uptake rate decreases. Because there was still some man-nitol left in the substrate, the lipid turnover could result from the reduced carbon source uptake rate. When VFAs were exhausted, C. curvatus had to consume mannitol as substitution, which could make the carbon source uptake rate decreased during this process. From 72 h, lipid content increased again with more mannitol assimilated by the yeasts.
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