1. Evaluation of the patient's pain as follows.- ask patients about pain. The question about the position, scope, characteristics, frequency, intensity of pain when the pain. As well as how to relieve the pain of patients with experience.- observing the behavior reaction to pain, including pulse faster, high blood pressure, cold feet, no eye peripheral expansion, sweating. Thirsty, sing noisy, restless, stay not moan or feel the pain.- Assessment level or the intensity of pain assessment, pain of using hospital were numeric rating scale or face. Pain rating scale.2. Pose sleeping head high 45-60 degrees. In order to reduce the tension of the chest muscles. Take care of the drain chest not to have to hold it made the patient pain.3. Recommend patients with hand held the pain while movement, coughing, sneezing, because it reduces muscle tension and reduce the vibration of the wound less. Help ease the pain.4. Use massage or exposure to relieve the pain. Because the massage stimulates nerve fiber large. The inhibition of nerve impulses of the pain of spinal cord The talking while massage or touch enhances positive feelings that people sympathize with, understand, get encouragement and attention as well.5. Suggest the patient using relaxation techniques to relieve pain. Which will help to divert the attention of the patients from the pain. กสน can reduce the severity of pain, such as reading books, listening to music, music, etc.6. Provide nurses with gentle gently, such as flip side, or moving the patient. To relieve the pain of patients.7. Care to activities of daily living in general. As well as the environment to patients can relax fully.
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