tomorrow. Against this historical b

tomorrow. Against this historical background I will discuss developments in
the localization services business, translation technology and general trends.
Where It All Started: The 1980s
Desktop computers were introduced in the 1980s, and computer technology
slowly started to make its way to users who did not necessarily have a
background in computer programming or engineering. The early 1980s also
saw the first international ventures of US-based computer hardware and
software firms. Sun Microsystems, for example, began operations in Europe
in 1983, expanding to Asia and Australia in 1986. Microsoft had started
international operations earlier, opening its first overseas sales office in
Tokyo in November 1978 and beginning its expansion into Europe in 1979.
The shift of computer hardware and software use away from corporate
or academic computing departments to “normal” users’ desks called for a
shift in product features and functionality. Not only did desktop computer
users now need software that would enable them to do their work more
efficiently, but the software also had to reflect business processes in tune
with local standards and habits, including local language. Word processors,
for example, needed to support the input, processing and output of character
sets in other languages, language-specific features such as hyphenation and
spelling, and a user interface in the user’s local language. The same
expectations applied to hardware. For example, in 1985 the Spanish
government decreed that all computer keyboards sold in Spain should have
the ñ key.
Internationalize to localize?
The international expansion of software and hardware developers
automatically triggered the need to localize the products for international
markets. Initially, software vendors dealt with this new challenge in many
different ways. Some established in-house teams of translators and language
engineers to build international support into their products. Others simply
charged their international offices or distributors with the task of localizing
the products. In both cases, the localization effort remained separated from
the development of the original products. Development groups simply
handed off the software code and source files for supporting documentation
to those responsible for localization.
This separation of development and localization proved troublesome in
many respects. Microsoft, for example, asked its then-distributor ASCII in
Japan to localize Multiplan (predecessor of Excel) into Japanese. According
to a Microsoft director responsible for localization at that time, “we’d finish
the product, ship it in the United States, and then turn over the source code
library to the folks in Japan, wish them luck and go on vacation”.

ผลลัพธ์ (อังกฤษ) 2:

tomorrow. Against this historical background I Will Discuss Developments in
the Localization Services business, translation Technology and general Trends.
Where It All Started: The 1980s
Desktop Computers were introduced in the 1980s, and Computer Technology
Slowly Started to Make ITS Way to Users Who did not necessarily. have a
background in programming or Computer Engineering. Early 1980s also the
Saw the First International Ventures of US-based Computer Hardware and
Software firms. Sun Microsystems, for example, Operations began in Europe
in 1983, expanding to Asia and Australia in 1986. Started Microsoft had
earlier International Operations, ITS opening First Overseas Sales Office in
Tokyo in November 1978 and Europe in 1979. Beginning ITS Expansion Into
The Shift. of Computer Hardware and Software use Away from Corporate
or Academic computing departments to "Normal" Users' desks Called for a
Shift in product features and functionality. Not only did Desktop Computer
Users Need Software now that would Enable them to do their Work more
efficiently, but also had the Software to Reflect business processes in Tune
with local Standards and habits, including local language. Word processors,
for example, Needed to Support the input, output and Processing of Character
sets in Other Languages, language-specific features such as Hyphenation and
spelling, and a user interface in the user's local language. The Same
Expectations Applied to Hardware. For example, in 1985 the Spanish
Government decreed that all SOLD Computer keyboards in Spain should have
the Ñ Key.
Internationalize to localize?
The International Expansion of Software and Hardware Developers
Need to localize the Automatically triggered Products for the International
markets. Initially, Software vendors dealt with this New Challenge in MANY
different Ways. Some established in-House Teams of Translators and language
engineers to Build International Support Into their Products. Others simply
charged their International Distributors with offices or the Task of localizing
the Products. Cases in both, the effort remained Localization Separated from
the Development of the Original Products. Development groups simply
handed off the Software source code Files and Documentation for supporting
to those responsible for Localization.
This Separation of Development and Localization proved troublesome in
MANY respects. Microsoft, for example, asked then-ITS ASCII Distributor in
Japan to localize MultiPlan (predecessor of Excel) Into Japanese. According
to a Microsoft responsible for Localization Director at that time, "we'd Finish
the product, in the United States Ship it, and then turn over the source code
Library to the folks in Japan, and wish them Luck Go on Vacation".